毛乌素沙地生物土壤结皮对油蒿群落土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of biological soil crusts on soil enzyme activities of Artemisia ordosica community in the Mu Us Desert of northwestern China

作　　者：孙永琦 冯薇[1,2] 张宇清[1,2] 秦树高[1,2] 毛赫楠 Sun Yongqi;Feng Wei;Zhang Yuqing;Qin Shugao;Mao Henan(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Yanchi Research Station,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100083 [2]北京林业大学林业生态工程教育部工程中心,北京100083

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2020年第11期82-90,共9页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：毛乌素沙地地衣结皮层微生物群落结构及其固碳功能(31600584)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究生物土壤结皮对毛乌素沙地油蒿群落土壤酶活性的影响,探究半干旱区不同类型生物土壤结皮对土壤养分周转的作用,为认识生物土壤结皮对沙地植被恢复的影响提供理论参考。【方法】以宁夏盐池毛乌素沙地油蒿灌丛间的裸地、地衣结皮和苔藓结皮为研究对象,分析油蒿灌丛间裸地土壤(0~5 cm)、地衣结皮层和苔藓结皮层(0~1 cm)及其下层土壤(1~5 cm)的土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的变化特征。【结果】(1)地衣结皮层和苔藓结皮层均显著改善油蒿灌木群落的土壤理化性质,且苔藓结皮层改善作用更为明显。地衣结皮层和苔藓结皮层相比油蒿灌丛间裸地,土壤有机碳含量(SOC)分别提高3.30倍和6.51倍,微生物量碳含量(MBC)分别显著提高2.79倍和6.58倍,微生物量氮含量(MBN)分别显著提高3.49倍和12.73倍,全氮含量(TN)分别提高2.67倍和4.46倍,全磷含量(TP)分别显著提高1.82倍和2.06倍。生物土壤结皮下层土壤与灌丛间裸地相比微生物量氮(MBN)、TN和TP之间无显著差异,MBC显著降低。(2)与油蒿灌丛间裸地相比,地衣结皮层和苔藓结皮层显著提高了土壤转化酶和脲酶活性,其中,地衣结皮层分别提高转化酶和脲酶活性3.58倍和2.80倍。苔藓结皮层显著提高转化酶活性4.23倍。碱性磷酸酶活性则无显著影响。另外,生物土壤结皮层下土壤3种酶活性均无显著提高。(3)土壤理化性质显著影响3种土壤酶活性。SOC、MBC、MBN、TN和TP与土壤转化酶活性呈显著正相关,pH与土壤转化酶活性显著负相关。SOC、MBN和TP与土壤脲酶活性显著正相关。pH与土壤碱性磷酸酶活性显著负相关。【结论】地衣结皮和苔藓结皮均能加速油蒿灌丛土壤碳素周转;氮素周转则主要由地衣结皮调控。另外,仅结皮层能提高油蒿群落养分周转。研究结果表明,生物土壤结皮可以加速油蒿群落间土壤养分的周转和提�[Objective]We studied the effects of biological soil crusts(BSCs)on soil enzyme activities in Artemisia ordosica community of Mu Us Desert,northwestern China,aiming to explore the effects of different types of biological soil crusts on soil nutrient turnover in arid and semi-arid area,which could provide theoretical basis for understanding the effects of biological soil crusts on vegetation restoration.[Method]We took soil between Artemisia ordosica community(bare land),lichen crust layer,moss crust layer and its underlying soil as objectives,and analyzed their physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activities.[Result](1)Both the lichen crust layer and the moss crust layer significantly improved the soil physical and chemical properties,which were highest in moss crust layer compared with bare land and lichen crust layer.Compared with bare land,soil organic carbon content(SOC)in lichen crust layer and the moss crust layer increased by 3.30 times and 6.51 times,microbial biomass carbon content(MBC)increased by 2.79 times and 6.58 times,microbial biomass nitrogen content(MBN)increased by 3.49 times and 12.73 times,soil total nitrogen content(TN)increased by 2.67 times and 4.46 times,and total phosphorus content(TP)increased by 1.82 times and 2.06 times,respectively.There was no significant difference in microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),TN and TP among the underlying soil in lichen crust layer,moss crust layer and bare land.The MBC content was significantly decreased in underlying soil of lichen crust layer and moss crust layer compered with bare land.(2)The invertase and urease activities in lichen crust layer and the moss crust layer were higher than bare land.Compared with bare land,the invertase and urease activities in lichen crust layer and moss crust layer were significantly increased by 3.58 times and 2.80 times,respectively,and the invertase activity was significantly increased by 4.23 times in moss crust layer.There were no significant differences among the underlying soil in lichen crust layer,mo

关 键 词：毛乌素沙地 油蒿群落 地衣结皮 苔藓结皮 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S714.6[农业科学—林学] S154.4