复杂软件系统的重构技术:现状、问题与展望  

Refactoring of Complex Software Systems Research:Present,Problem and Prospect

作　　者：孟繁祎 王莹[1] 于海[1] 朱志良[1] MENG Fan-yi;WANG Ying;YU Hai;ZHU Zhi-liang(Software College,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学软件学院,沈阳110169

出　　处：《计算机科学》2020年第12期1-10,共10页Computer Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61977014,61902056,61603082);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(N2017011,N2017016)。

摘　　要：软件重构是改善软件质量的一种重要手段,它在不改变软件外部行为特性的情况下,通过调整软件内部结构来提高软件的可理解性、可维护性和可扩展性。然而,随着开源软件的迅猛发展,软件的规模和复杂程度日益增加,现有的重构技术在应对规模庞大且复杂的软件系统时,重构效果并不如意。因此,提高重构技术的可扩展性一直是软件工程领域研究的热点。从技术负债角度出发,探究重构时机,思考重构技术对软件质量的深入影响,明确重构技术旨在寻找重构代码的自动化方法,从而降低维护成本,提高代码质量。文中对工程实例进行分析并对文献进行梳理,调研了自2010年至今国内外96篇相关领域的文献,尝试以复杂系统的视角对这些研究工作进行归纳、比较,提炼总结软件重构领域的研究方向与技术方法,探讨重构技术研究中的特点与难点,思考重构技术研究中存在的问题及未来的研究方向,对软件重构技术的研究趋势进行了展望。Software refactoring is the process of improving the design of existing code by changing its internal structure without affecting its external behavior,with the main aim of improving the quality of software products.Therefore,there is a belief that refactoring improves quality factors such as understandability,maintainability,and extensibility.With the rapid development of open source software,the size and complexity of software are continuously increasing.The refactoring result is less than satisfactory based on large-scale and complex software systems.Therefore,improving the scalability of refactoring technology has always been a hot topic in the software engineering field.From the perspective of technical debt,this paper explores refactoring opportunities and consides the impact of refactoring technology on software quality.The refactoring technology should provide an automated refactoring approach to reduce maintenance costs and improve code quality.Based on the analysis of engineering examples and literature review,this paper investigates 96 domestic and foreign literature in related fields since 2010.It first compares these researches from the perspective of complex systems and summarizes the research direction and technical methods in the field of software refactoring.Then,it explores the characteristics and difficulties and considers the problems and shortcomings in the research of refactoring technology.Finally,the research trend of software refactoring technology is discussed.

关 键 词：软件重构 技术负债 代码异味 自动化工具 软件质量 

分 类 号：TP311[自动化与计算机技术—计算机软件与理论]