苎麻根褐腐病防治药剂的室内筛选  

Laboratory Screening of Fungicides for Controlling Brown Root Rot of Ramie

作　　者：陈奕坤 王吐虹 翟杨 程毅[1] 高春生[1] 余永廷[1] CHEN Yikun;WANG Tuhong;ZHAI Yang;CHENG Yi;GAO Chunsheng;YU Yongting(Institute of Bast Fiber Crops,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410205,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院麻类研究所,湖南长沙410205

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2020年第5期203-208,共6页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201604);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-IBFC)。

摘　　要：苎麻是我国最主要的纤维作物之一,由钟器腐霉(Phytopythium vexans)为主引起的苎麻根褐腐病是近年来在苎麻主产区发现的一种新的毁灭性病害,给苎麻生产造成了巨大的经济损失。试验选取目前市场上常用的18种高效、低毒杀菌剂,选取钟器腐霉菌株HF1,利用含毒介质法在室内进行药剂初筛,筛选出对钟器腐霉抑菌效果较好的杀菌剂,然后针对抑菌效果较好的杀菌剂测定其EC50,确定筛选出的高效杀菌剂对钟器腐霉的杀菌效果。结果表明,精甲霜·锰锌、代森锰锌、克菌丹、溴菌腈和啶菌恶唑5种药剂初筛效果显著,抑制率均达到了100%。其中精甲霜·锰锌抑菌作用最强,其EC50值最低,为1.004 mg/L,可以作为田间根褐腐病用药的首选药剂。苯菌灵、枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉抑菌效果较差,对钟器腐霉几乎无抑制作用。用上述抑菌效果最好的精甲霜·锰锌对不同地区分离菌株进行抑菌试验,结果显示不同地区的钟器腐霉菌株对同种杀菌剂抗性无明显差异。Ramie is one of the most important fiber crops in China.The brown rot of ramie roots caused by Phytopythium vexans is a new destructive disease found in the main production areas of ramie in recent years,which causes huge economic losses to ramie production.In this study,P.vexans strain HF1 was selected and 18 kinds of high-efficiency and low-toxic fungicides commonly used in the market were selected to measure their toxicities by the method of toxic medium.Furthermore,the EC50 of fungicides with better effect was tested.The results showed that five kinds of fungicides had good control effect,namely metalaxyl mancozeb,mancozeb,captan,bromothalonil and SYP-Z048,and the inhibition rate reached 100%.Among them,metalaxyl mancozeb was the best,and its EC50 was 1.004 mg/L.Benomyl,Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum had little effect on P.vexans HF1.Moreover,metalaxyl mancozeb with the best effect on P.vexans was used to measure its toxicity on isolates from different regions.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the resistance of Pythium vexans strains from different areas to the same fungicide.

关 键 词：苎麻 钟器腐霉 根褐腐病 筛选 杀菌剂 

分 类 号：S563.1[农业科学—作物学]