5种常绿杜鹃组杜鹃杂交亲和性及播种繁殖研究  

Study on crossing compatibility and seeding propagation of 5 Rhododendron species in Sect.Ponticum

作　　者：李晓花[1] 童俊 王凯红[1] 李丹丹[1] 单文[1] 王兆红[1] 张乐华[1] LI Xiaohua;Tong Jun;WANG Kaihong;LI Dandan;SHAN Wen;WANG Zhaohong;ZHANG Lehua(Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan, Jiangxi 332900, China;Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430065, China)

机构地区：[1]江西省中国科学院庐山植物园,江西庐山332900 [2]武汉市农业科学院,武汉430065

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第6期990-997,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技基础性工作专项项目(2015 FY210100-7);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS计划)区域重点项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-178);江西省自然科学基金项目(20181BAB204015).

摘　　要：以庐山植物园栽培的常绿杜鹃组(Sect.Ponticum)4个亚组的5种杜鹃为材料,开展了亚组间的6个种间杂交试验,包括云锦杜鹃亚组(Subsect.Fortunea)、耳叶杜鹃亚组(Subsect.Auriculata)、银叶杜鹃亚组(Subsect.Argyrophylla)和树形杜鹃亚组(Subsect.Arborea),以坐果率、种子千粒重、萌发率、绿苗率等为评价指标,分析探讨了其种间杂交的可育性及其规律.结果表明:1)常绿杜鹃组亚组间的种间杂交坐果率为57.14%~88.89%,达到中、高级水平;2)杂交种子千粒重低于对应母本的自然结实种子,但仅井冈山杜鹃♀×皱叶杜鹃♂与母本间达到显著水平;3)杂交种子萌发率大多高于其母本自然结实的种子,表现出某种“超亲和”(super affinity)现象,但不同的亲本组合间存在一定差异;4)部分杂交组合的绿苗率显著低于母本,表现出杂交衰退(hybrid weakness)现象;5)6个杂交组合可育性综合评价得分8~10分,均达到高育型水平.结果表明,常绿杜鹃组亚组间杂交具有高可育性.该结果为常绿杜鹃组杜鹃的杂交育种提供了依据.Using 5 Rhododendron species from 4 subsections of Sect.Ponticum of genus Rhododendron in Lushan Botanical Garden as materials,including Subsect.Fortunea,Subsect.Auriculata,Subsect.Argyrophylla and Subsect.Arborea,we conducted an interspecific hybridization experiment with six cross combinations,to study the compatibility within this section.The reproducibility and discipline of interspecific hybridization were analyzed and discussed,with the fruit setting rate,1000-seed weight,germination rate and green seedling rate as the evaluation indexes.The results were as follows.1)The fruit setting rate of the interspecific hybridization among R.Sect.Ponticum species was 57.14%-88.89%.2)The thousand-seed weight from the fruits of hybridization was lower than that from the female parent's natural fruits,while only the seeds of the R.jinggangshanicum♀×R.denudatum♂reached a significant level.3)The germination rate of hybrid seeds is mostly higher than that of their female parent's natural seeds.Some“super affinity”phenomenon were showed,however,there were some differences among different cross combinations.4)The green seedling rate of some cross combinations were significantly lower than that of the female parent,indicating the hybrid weakness.5)The comprehensive fertility evaluation scores of six cross combinations reach 8-10 points,and all of them reached high fertility level.It's concluded that the interspecific hybridizations of R.Sect.Ponticum have high fertility.This result provided a basis for the future cross breeding of R.Sect.Ponticum.

关 键 词：常绿杜鹃组 亚组间杂交 可育性 播种繁殖 杜鹃花属 

分 类 号：Q945.3[生物学—植物学]