海洋平台爆炸事故后果动态评估方法  

A dynamic assessment method for consequences of explosion accidents on offshore platforms

作　　者：杨冬冬[1] 陈国明[1] 师吉浩 戴子良 YANG Dongdong;CHEN Guoming;SHI Jihao;DAI Ziliang(Centre for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao Shandong 266580,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)海洋油气装备与安全技术研究中心,山东青岛266580

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2020年第11期121-126,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2017YFC0804501)。

摘　　要：为科学评估海洋平台爆炸事故后果,面向自泄漏事件诱发的灾变演化,考虑作业人员的应急疏散,提出海洋平台爆炸事故后果动态评估方法。以某海洋平台下层甲板工艺区为例,考虑紧急关断(ESD)系统、放空系统等过程保护系统对气体蓄积的影响,引入点火参数开展可燃气体爆燃模拟;结合网格理念及应急响应时序确定作业人员的疏散轨迹,进而根据作业人员实时位置爆炸超压峰值开展危险区域的辨识与分级,并与现有静态评估方法的结果对比。结果表明:动态评估方法有助于综合考虑事故的发展过程与作业人员的应急疏散,进行应急疏散能大幅度减小海洋平台爆炸事故的危险区域,但可能加剧局部区域作业人员的受灾程度。In order to scientifically evaluate consequences of explosion accidents in offshore platforms,a dynamic assessment method was proposed considering disaster evolution induced by leak and emergency evacuation of operators.With process area of lower deck in an offshore platform as example,and effects of emergency shut down(ESD)system and blowdown system on dangerous gas profile being considered,explosion simulation was conducted by introducing ignition source.Then,emergency evacuation trajectories were determined with help of grid-based concept and emergency response sequence.Finally,dangerous area was identified and classified based on maximum overpressure loads in real-time position of operators,and simulation results were compared with those obtained from"static"method.The results show that the proposed method gives a better consideration of accident evolution process and emergency evacuation and the latter can greatly reduce dangerous area of explosion but may aggravate consequence severity of operators in local area.

关 键 词：海洋平台 爆炸事故后果 动态评估 应急疏散 危险区域 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]