多效唑与赤霉素调控盆栽梅株型和花期研究  

Response of Treatment of Paclobutrazol and Gibberellin on Architecture and Flowering of Different Potted Armeniaca mume Cultivars

作　　者：沈晓飞 刘政 何国庆 胡孙田 张超[3] 赵宏波[3] SHEN Xiao-fei;LIU Zheng;HE Guo-qing;HU Sun-tian;ZHANG Chao;ZHAO Hong-bo(Changxing Yonglu Forestry Development Center of Zhejiang,Changxing 313100,China;Changxing Forestry Bureau of Zhejiang,Changxing 313100,China;School of Landscape Architecture,Zhejiang A&F University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]长兴县永绿林业发展中心,浙江长兴313100 [2]长兴县林业局,浙江长兴313100 [3]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2020年第6期40-45,共6页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02056-12);中央财政林业科技推广基金项目(﹝2018﹞TS13号);浙江省林业科研成果推广项目(2015B08);浙江省地方标准制订项目“盆栽梅花生产技术规程”。

摘　　要：2016年7月至2017年1月,以‘素雅绿萼’Armeniaca mume‘Suyalve’‘,骨红朱砂’A.mume‘Guhongzhusha’和‘美人梅’A.mume‘Meiren’3个梅A.mume品种的3年生嫁接盆栽苗为研究材料,采用不同浓度(0,500 mg·L^-1,1000 mg·L^-1,1500 mg·L^-1)多效唑进行处理,通过测定分析盆栽梅的枝条长、节间长、茎粗与花芽数量等指标,研究其对植株生长与成花的作用;同时,于自然花期前利用不同温度和不同浓度赤霉素组合处理盆栽‘素雅绿萼’,研究这两个因素对梅花期调控的作用。结果表明,随着多效唑浓度的升高,多效唑对‘素雅绿萼’和‘骨红朱砂’的植株生长产生一定的抑制作用,其中1500 mg·L^-1浓度多效唑处理能显著缩短枝条长度和节间长,增粗茎粗,适合用于株型控制。在15℃条件下,低浓度(1000 mg·L^-1)的赤霉素处理,‘素雅绿萼’的花期提前,而高浓度(2000 mg·L^-1和3000 mg·L^-1)的赤霉素处理花期延迟;在相对高温条件(20℃和25℃)下,不同浓度赤霉素对‘素雅绿萼’的花期无影响;相同浓度赤霉素处理条件下,开花速率与温度正相关;相比赤霉素而言,相对高温对开花的提前作用更加明显,25℃和2000 mg·L^-1的赤霉素复合处理可以有效增加花径,提高开花品质。以上研究结果可为梅盆栽生产及其花期调控提供理论依据和技术支持。From July 2016 to January 2017,experiments were made on 3-year grafted potted Armeniaca mume‘Suyalve’,A.mume‘Guhongzhusha’and A.mume‘Meiren’with different concentrations(0,500,1000 and 1500 mg/L)of paclobutrazol.The result showed that increase in the concentrations of paclobutrazol could inhibit the growth of A.mume‘Suyalve’and A.mume‘Guhongzhusha’,especially the treatment with 1500 mg/L paclobutrazol could evidently shorten branch and internode,but increase stem diameter.Tests were carried out on effect of different concentrations of gibberellin before natural flowering on flowering stage of A.mume‘Suyalve’under different temperatures.The results demonstrated that lower gibberellin concentration could bring earlier flowering,and higher concentration could retard flowering at 15℃.At 20℃and 25℃,treatments of different concentrations of gibberellin had no effect on flowering stage.But under the same concentration of gibberellin,flowering rate had positive relation with air temperature.The experiment concluded that treatment of 2000 mg/L of gibberellin at 25℃had larger flower diameter.

关 键 词：梅 花期调控 盆栽 株型控制 多效唑 赤霉素 

分 类 号：S685.17[农业科学—观赏园艺]