部门行政法的理论基础与体系建构——以海事行政法为视角  

The theoretical basis and system construction of departmental administrative law--from the perspective of maritime administrative law

作　　者：王世涛[1] WANG Shi-tao(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2020年第4期3-13,共11页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

摘　　要：行政法学出离于民法学,部门行政法则脱胎于行政法;而海事行政法却有着从陆域(适用普通行政法)到海域(适用海事行政法)的独特发展轨迹。部门行政法的存在价值在于其独特个性,并具有对普通行政法的反哺功能。不同于确立部门行政法的综合标准,行政职能标准更便于识别,更有利于特定行政法部门的系统化、规范化。而且这一标准能够使部门行政法的研究与现实的行政部门直接对接,易于为行政部门法的实践所接受。部门行政法不仅局限于行政作用法,还应当覆盖行政组织法和行政救济法。部门行政法的研究不只是在行政法体系内的循环解释,而是需要关照社会现实。即便运用解释的方法,这一解释方法也不应当仅仅局限于对实定法的规范解释,而需要进行法政策学的思考和目的性解释。由于与民法、刑法普遍存在法典不同,行政法不存在总则意义上的法典,因此,普通行政法与部门行政法之间缺乏相互解释的规范基础。部门行政法的体系构建应当体现的是共性与个性的统一。基于此,海事行政法的体系应当分为普通海事行政法和特别海事行政法,前者从行政法的共性出发找寻海事行政法的个性,后者从海事行政法的个性出发反观行政法的共性。Administrative law is derived from civil law,while departmental administrative law of is derived from administrative law.However,maritime administrative law has a unique development track from land area(applicable to general administrative law)to sea area(applicable to maritime administrative law).The value of the departmental administrative law lies in its unique personality,and it has the function of feeding back the common administrative law.Different from the establishment of the comprehensive standards of departmental administrative law,the standards of administrative functions are more convenient to identify and more conducive to the systematization and standardization of specific administrative law departments.Moreover,this standard can make the research of the departmental administrative law directly connect with the actual administrative department,which is easy to be accepted by the practice of the administrative department law.Departmental administrative law is not only limited to administrative function law,but also covers administrative organization law and administrative remedy law.The research of the departmental administrative law is not only the circular interpretation in the administrative law system,but also needs to pay attention to the social reality.Even if we use the method of interpretation,this method of interpretation should not be limited to the normative interpretation of the positive law,but need to think about the legal policy and purposeful interpretation.There is no general code in administrative law,which is different from civil law and criminal law.Therefore,there is no normative basis for mutual interpretation between general administrative law and departmental administrative law.The system construction of departmental administrative law should embody the unity of generality and individuality.Based on this,the system of maritime administrative law should be divided into general maritime administrative law and special maritime administrative law.The former looks for the individua

关 键 词：部门行政法 海事行政法 理论基础 体系建构 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]