“公地悲剧”理论视角下的全球海洋环境治理  

On global marine environment governance from the perspective of the“tragedy of the commons”

作　　者：方瑞安 张磊[1] FANG Rui-an;ZHANG Lei(School of International Law,East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2020年第4期38-44,共7页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

基　　金：司法部国家法治与法学理论研究课题“我国参与构建公海保护区的法律问题研究”(17SFB3038);华东政法大学研究生创新能力培养专项资助项目“论国家同意原则的嬗变”(2020-5-023)。

摘　　要：全球海洋环境治理如今正进入蓬勃发展的阶段,其相应的理论支撑中最为著名且最具解释力的当属“公地悲剧”及其衍生理论。而解决“公地悲剧”的方法论——自主治理模式、产权化模式及政府模式等都在现行全球海洋环境治理的进程中有所体现、有所运用,例如北极理事会、个体可转让捕捞配额制度、国际海底管理局等。从经济学视角尤其是“公地悲剧”理论模型出发,抽象化地分析审视目前的全球海洋环境治理模式,既能有效总结经验,亦可对未来的制度完善有所助力。Global marine environment governance is now entering a stage of vigorous development.Its most famous and most explanatory theoretical support is the“tragedy of the commons”and its derivative theory.The methodology for resolving the“tragedy of the commons”—the self-governance model,the privatization model,and the government model—has been reflected in the current global ocean environmental governance process,such as the Arctic Council,individual transferable quota and the International Seabed Authority,etc.From the perspective of economics,especially the theoretical model of“tragedy of the commons”,abstractly analyzing and examining the current global ocean environment governance model can not only effectively sum up experience,but also help better improvement in the future.

关 键 词：海洋环境治理 公地悲剧 自主治理 产权化 政府模式 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学]