美国航运法下无船承运人服务协议及其启示  

NVOCC service arrangement under American Shipping Act and its enlightenment

作　　者：李晓玉 张丽[1] LI Xiao-yu;ZHANG Li(Law School,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国海商法研究》2020年第4期64-73,共10页Chinese Journal of Maritime Law

摘　　要：《1984年航运法》确立了美国20世纪80年代以来国际航运管理的基本框架,随后美国一直紧跟航运市场发展动向,通过修法不断完善《无船承运人服务协议规则》,不仅满足了市场需求,也使无船承运人在国际市场竞争中处于优势地位。而中国无船承运人管理规制基本比照美国《1984年航运法》建立,根据相关规定,无船承运业务经营者无权作为承运人与托运人签订协议运价,这不仅造成了该领域监管立法的空白,还使中国无船承运业务经营者在国内外竞争中处于不利地位。中国应以国情为基础,通过构建无船承运人服务协议,适当借鉴美国航运立法及修正案的规定,建立服务协议监管规制。The Shipping Act of 1984 of the United States established the basic framework of international shipping management of the United States since the 1980s,then the United States has been following the development trend of shipping market by continuous revision of law to improve NVOCC Service Arrangements,which not only meets the market demand,but also makes non-vessel operating common carriers in a dominant position in the international market competition.Regulation of non-vessel operating common carrier management in China basically modelled the Shipping Act of 1984 of the United States,according to the related regulations,a non-vessel operating common carrier shall not be entitled to sign negotiated freight rate with a shipper as a carrier,which not only causes the blank of legislation in the field,but also makes native non-vessel operating common carriers at a disadvantage position in the competition.In order to promote the development of non-vessel operating common business,China should establish NVOCC service arrangement on the basis of national conditions and appropriately learn from the relevant provisions of the shipping legislation and their amendments in the United States.

关 键 词：无船承运人 服务协议 协商费率协议 批量合同 

分 类 号：D996.19[政治法律—经济法学]