短截强度对板栗结果枝和发育枝生长的影响  

Effects of shortcut strength on the growth of fruiting and developing branches of Chinese chestnut(Castanea mollissima)

作　　者：叶常奇 李游 刘阳 李超[1] 秦偲 苏淑钗[1] YE Changqi;LI You;LIU Yang;LI Chao;QIN Cai;SU Shuchai(Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education,Beijing ForestryUniversity,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《经济林研究》2020年第4期184-191,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2018YFD1000605)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索适当的短截强度,通过将树体营养合理分配,提高板栗果实品质与产量。【方法】以板栗‘遵化短刺’品种为试材,研究各类型母枝对不同短截强度修剪的反应。冬季修剪时,将1年生发育枝和结果枝按照基径分为弱枝、中庸枝和壮枝,再分别进行中短截、重短截、极重短截和缓放处理。【结果】弱结果枝经极重短截后新梢基径达到6.71 mm,经缓放后母枝结蓬数为2.1;中庸结果枝经重短截和极重短截后新梢基径分别为6.51和7.63 mm,中短截后新梢基径大于6.00 mm,且母枝结蓬数为2.6;壮结果枝经极重短截后新梢基径为7.05 mm,新梢雄花序数高达7.3,母枝结蓬数为2.1。弱发育枝抽生的新梢基径小于6.00 mm,且结蓬数较少;中庸发育枝经重短截和极重短截后均能形成中庸枝,母枝结蓬数分别为2.2和3.8;壮发育枝经短截后,新梢基径大于或等于6.63 mm,其中经重短截后的母枝结蓬数最多,为3.2。【结论】结果枝宜进行双枝更新,对弱结果枝宜进行缓放,利于当年结果;对中庸结果枝施行重短截或极重短截使其抽生较强枝,待下一年将缓放弱结果枝剪除,再从中庸结果枝基部选2枝进行更新;对壮结果枝施行极重短截后可以连续结果,且能形成稳定的结果枝组。对弱发育枝宜疏除,而重短截和极重短截中庸发育枝、短截壮发育枝既能促进新梢当年结实,又能提高枝条品质,利于连续结果,因此宜进行单枝更新。【Objective】Explore the appropriate shortcut strength and improve the quality and yield of Chinese chestnut fruit by properly distributing the nutrients of the tree.【Method】The Chinese chestnut’Zunhuaduanci’cultivar was used as material,and the reaction of each type of mother branches to different shortcut strengths pruning was studied.In winter pruning,the 1-year-old developing branches and the fruiting branches were divided into weak branches,middle branches and strong branches according to the base diameter,and then the medium shortcutting,heavy shortcutting,extremely heavy shortcutting and no shortcutting treatment were carried out respectively.【Result】The base diameter of new end of weak fruiting branches reached 6.71 mm after extremely heavy short cutting,and the number of knots was 2.1 per mother branch after no short cutting;the base diameters of new ends of middle fruiting branches were 6.51 mm and 7.63 mm,respectively after heavy short cutting and extremely heavy short cutting,and the base diameter of new end was above 6.00 mm after medium short cutting,and the number of knots was 2.6 per mother branch.The base diameter of new end of fruiting branches was 7.05 mm After strong extremely heavy short cutting,and the number of male inflorescences was up to 7.3 per new end,and the number of knots was 2.1 per mother branch.The base diameters of new end of weak developing branches were almost all less than 6.00 mm,and the number of knots was less;The middle developing branches could form middle branches after heavy short cutting and extremely heavy short cutting,the number of knots were 2.2 and 3.8 per mother branches,respectively;After short cutting of strong developing branches,the number of male inflorescence was greater than 6.0 per new end,the base diameters of new end wre greater than or equal to 6.63 mm,and the maximum number of knots after heavy short cutting was 3.2 per mother branch.【Conclusion】The fruiting branches can be double-branch update,the short cutting shoule not be conduc

关 键 词：板栗 短截 结果枝 发育枝 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]