我国古枣树资源调查与保护  

Resource investigation and conservation of ancient jujube trees in China

作　　者：司马星晨 潘兴杰 李新岗[1] SIMA Xingchen;PAN Xingjie;LI Xingang(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《经济林研究》2020年第4期202-209,共8页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家林业公益性项目“黄土高原古枣树群的保护与遗传多样性利用”(201304110)。

摘　　要：【目的】枣是原产于我国的最古老的经济林树种,其果实具有很高的经济和营养价值。了解古枣树和古酸枣树资源现状,为其保护和利用提供参考依据。【方法】按树龄对我国的古枣树、古酸枣树资源进行了分级,调查了我国不同树龄级别古枣树与古酸枣树资源的品种、数量、分布、树龄和保护及利用等方面的情况。【结果】调查发现,全国树龄在300 a以上的古枣树约有10万株,涉及品种32个。其中,北方品种有31个,在全国的占比最大,其中在甘肃与山西省分布的品种分别有6和8个;而南方品种只有1个,即四川的崭山米枣。全国千年以上的古枣树有45株,树龄为500~999 a的有8742株,树龄为300~499 a的有90669株,这些古枣树主要集中分布在山东、甘肃、河南、陕西、山西、河北和天津,其中以金丝小枣的古树为最多,其占比为35.9%。全国树龄在300 a以上的古酸枣树约有482株,其主要集中分布在黄土高原、太行山区、燕山地区和胶东半岛;陕西省的古酸枣树最多,约有338株,占全国古酸枣树总数的70%;其次是河北省的,约有106株,占全国古酸枣树总数的22%。对我国古枣树资源保护与利用现状的调查结果表明:我国主要采取了资源圃迁地保护,古枣树或古枣园原产地管理保护,地方、国家和世界文化遗产保护等保护方式,以及旅游博览园、生态旅游和优良遗传资源的开发利用措施;我国古枣树和古酸枣树资源主要面临着产业更替、城市扩张的人为破坏及由枣疯病造成的毁灭性破坏等危机。【结论】明确了我国古枣树、古酸枣资源的品种、树龄、分布和利用情况,总结了我国在古枣树资源保护和利用中的经验和存在的问题,为其资源评价、资源保护和高效利用提供了基础数据。【Objective】Chinese jujube(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)is the oldest economic forest tree species originated in China,and its fruits have high economic and nutritional value.The ancient jujube trees and current resources were researched for better conservation and utilization.【Method】The ancient jujube trees and resources in China were classified according to tree age,and the species,quantity,distribution,age,protection and utilization of ancient jujube trees and ancient wild jujube resources of different tree age levels in China were investigated.【Result】There were approximately 100 thousands ancient jujube trees with 32 cultivars in China.Most of these cultivars(31)were from northern China,including Gansu(6)and Shanxi(8)province,while only one cultivar named Zhanshanmizao was from Sichuan,the south of China.The number of jujube trees grown for more than 1000 y,500-999 y,and 300-499 y was 45,8742,and 90669,respectively.These trees mainly distributed in Shandong,Gansu,Henan,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Hebei and Tianjin.The Jinsixiaozao accounted for 35.9%from the whole number of ancient jujube trees.There were 482 ancient wild jujube trees aged more than 300 y,and mainly concentrated in the Loess Plateau,Taihang Mountains,Yanshan Mountains and the Jiaodong Peninsula.Among them,Shaanxi had the largest number of ancient wild jujube tree,with about 338,accounting for 70%of the country,followed by Hebei,about 106 plants,accounting for 22%of the country.The research on status of ancient jujube resources protection and utilization showed that the conservation and utilization measures in China including migration conservation of germplasm resource repository,origin management conservation in ancient jujube or jujube gardens,conservation of local,national and world cultural heritage,and development and utilization conservation of tourism expo park,ecotourism and excellent genetic resources.The ancient jujube and wild jujube resources were now facing great dangers from the jujube industry transformation,artificial destruction acc

关 键 词：枣 古枣树 古酸枣树 资源保护与利用 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]