从传统标准化到标准联盟的崛起——全球标准化治理体系的变革  

From Traditional Standardization to the Rise of Consortia:the Transformation of Global Standards Governance System

作　　者：王平[1] 侯俊军[2] WANG Ping;HOU Jun-jun(China National Institute of Standardization;College of Economics and Trade,Hunan University)

机构地区：[1]中国标准化研究院 [2]湖南大学经济与贸易学院

出　　处：《标准科学》2020年第12期51-62,共12页Standard Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“标准化对自主创新与产业发展的作用机理及相关公共政策研究”(项目编号:71373137);国家自然科学基金应急项目“创新驱动发展面临的新形势、新挑战与应对政策研究”(项目编号:71441025);国家社科基金重大项目“中国标准治理与全球贸易规则重构研究”(项目编号:17ZDA099)共同资助。

摘　　要：本文考察传统标准化组织的基本形式和特点,形成的标准化治理网络,以及联盟标准化的崛起,联盟标准化的特点,与创新的关系,知识产权问题等。作者对比了标准联盟和传统标准化组织各自的特点,总结归纳出两者之间的互补关系,以及它们共同形成的全球标准化治理体系的新格局。笔者认为,标准联盟的出现实际上是全球标准化治理体系的重要变革。它彻底改变了标准化领域只有传统标准化组织为产业界提供自愿性标准的局面,从另一个侧面展示出自愿性的技术标准在市场中的力量,以及自愿性标准化组织在市场竞争和产业发展中的重要性。标准的私有化对于政府来说具有重要的政策意义,对技术法规引用和政府采购的标准都有直接的影响。This paper studies the basic form and characteristics of traditional organization for standardization,the standards governance network,the rise of standards consortia and their characteristics,relationship with innovation and IPR issues.The authors compare the respective characteristics of standards consortia and traditional standardization organizations,sum up the complementary relationship between the two,as well as the new pattern of global standards governance system that are formed by them together.The authors believe that the emergence of standards consortia is actually an important reform of global standards governance system.It has completely changed the situation that only traditional standardization organizations provide voluntary standards for the industry.On the other side,it shows the power of voluntary technical standards in the market and the importance of voluntary standardization organizations in market competition and industrial development.The privatization of standards has important policy significance for the government and has a direct impact on the reference of technical regulations and standards for government procurement.

关 键 词：传统标准化组织 标准联盟 治理网络 体制变革 

分 类 号：F203[经济管理—国民经济]