超亲水防雾表面研究进展  

Research Progress of Superhydrophilic Anti-fogging Surfaces

作　　者：刘靖 王威 余新泉[1,2] 张友法[1,2] LIU Jing;WANG Wei;YU Xin-quan;ZHANG You-fa(School of Material Science and Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Metallic Materials,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学材料科学与工程学院,南京211189 [2]江苏省先进金属材料高技术研究重点实验室,南京211189

出　　处：《表面技术》2020年第12期75-92,共18页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52071076)。

摘　　要：透明玻璃和树脂材料应用广泛,是未来世界重要的构成元素。但这些材料表面常易发生水蒸气凝结起雾现象,不但降低了材料本身的透明度,影响相关产品的使用,还会给设备的运行安全带来隐患。因此,如何防雾逐渐引起研究人员和产业届的关注。常见的防雾技术有自动擦拭、热力防雾、表面涂层等。其中,具有主动防雾性能的超亲水表面涂层技术在施工简便性、持续防护性及运行维护成本的经济性等方面具有独特优势,是最有发展潜力的防雾技术。详细介绍了超亲水防雾表面的设计和制造技术的最新进展,从起雾现象的机制出发,介绍了水滴的形核和生长,并由此引出超亲水表面的防雾机理。分类介绍了由不同制备方法所得到的超亲水防雾表面,重点综述了近年来超亲水防雾涂层技术的研究进展,包括有机超亲水涂层、无机超亲水涂层与有机无机杂化超亲水涂层。针对各种形式的超亲水涂层技术,分别从涂层的亲水性、防雾性、耐久性及制备膜层的结构与性能之间的关系等方面进行了归纳。最后,根据超亲水防雾表面在不同领域的实际应用,对其未来的发展进行了展望。Transparent glass and resin materials have been widely used and are important elements in the future world.However,water vapor condensation and fogging problems are often prone to occurring on surfaces of these materials,which not only reduces the transparency,but also affects the performance of related products and may even bring potential dangers to the operation safety of the equipment.Therefore,how to prevent fog gradually attracts the attention of researchers and industry.Common anti-fog technologies include automatic wiping,thermal anti-fog and surface coating,etc.The superhydrophilic surface with active anti-fog performance has unique advantages in terms of construction convenience,continuous protection,as well as low cost of operation and maintenance,and is the most promising anti-fog technology.The latest development in the design and manufacturing technology of superhydrophilic anti-fog surfaces was introduced in detail.Based on the mechanism of fogging,the nucleation and growth of water droplets were illustrated minutely,and the anti-fog mechanism of superhydrophilic surfaces was introduced.Superhydrophilic anti-fog surfaces obtained by different preparation methods were classified and introduced,and the research progress of superhydrophilic anti-fog coating technology in recent years was reviewed emphatically,including organic superhydrophilic coating,inorganic superhydrophilic coating and organic-inorganic superhydrophilic coating.Regarding various forms of superhydrophilic coating technology,the hydrophilicity,anti-fog property and durability of the coating and the relationship between the structure and performance of the prepared film were summarized.Finally,considering the practical application of superhydrophilic anti-fog surface in different fields,the future development was prospected.

关 键 词：防雾 水滴 光散射 超亲水 水接触角 纳米结构 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]