长白山源头溪流底栖动物生活型及群落结构的时空特征  

Life-forms based tempo-spatial distribution of macroinvertebrates in headstreams of Changbai Mountain

作　　者：谭颖 王璐[1] 宫雨薇 陈鸽 张振兴[1] 杨海军[1,2,3] TAN Ying;WANG Lu;GONG Yuwei;CHEN Ge;ZHANG Zhenxing;YANG Haijun(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology,Institute of Grassland Science,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;Institute of plateau lake ecology and management,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;School of Biology and Geography Science,Yili Normal University,Yining 835000,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学草地科学研究所植被生态科学教育部重点实验室,长春130024 [2]云南大学高原湖泊生态与治理研究院,昆明650500 [3]伊犁师范大学生物与地理科学学院,伊宁835000

出　　处：《生态科学》2020年第6期45-53,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31770508)。

摘　　要：底栖动物是山地溪流生态系统的关键生物类群,其群落组成结构与时空分布在很大程度上依赖于组成物种的生活型以及生活型构成。为认识我国高纬度地区山区底栖动物群落结构与环境的关系,以长白山龙湾自然保护区的典型源头溪流为对象,在春、夏、秋三个季节对五个断面进行定量样品采集,结合溪流生境信息初步分析了源头溪流中不同生活型底栖动物的分布以及时空动态。共采集到底栖动物4525头,隶属于5纲11目35科82属,其中水生昆虫以78属占有绝对优势,优势种类包括Oulimnius属一种、直突摇蚊亚科一种(Orthocladiinae sp.)、Podmosta属一种、纹石蛾一种(Hydropsyche sp)、弓石蛾一种(Arctopsyche sp.)和钩虾属一种(Gammarus sp.);底栖动物的生活型相对丰度表现为固着型最高,其次为蔓生型和穴居型,游泳型最少,分别为50%、25%、17%和8%;人为活动显著降低了底栖动物的密度、多样性和物种丰富度,其中固着型和蔓生型底栖动物反应最为敏感。因此,在源头溪流,人为干扰对底栖动物群落结构影响显著,生活型组成较物种组成对干扰的响应更为敏感。Macroinvertebrates are the key biological groups in the mountain stream ecosystem.Their community structure and seasonal dynamics are largely determined by the life forms of species.To understand the community structure of macroinvertebrates and their environments in the cold water headstreams,we conducted a quantitative survey of a typical headstream in a natural reserve of Changbai Mountain to explore the temporal and spatial dynamics of life forms of headstream macroinvertebrates in Changbai Mountain.In total,4525 macroinvertebrates belonging to 5 classes,11 orders,35 families and 82 genera were collected,of which 78 taxa aquatic insects were observed,and Oulimnius sp.,Orthocladiinae sp.,Podmosta sp.,Hydropsyche sp.,Arctopsyche sp.,and Gammarus sp.were found to be dominant group.Clinger was the main life-form group,contributed about 50%to the total abundance,followed by sprawler(25%),burrower(17%)and swimmer(8%).Human activities significantly reduced the abundance,and species richness of macroinvertebrates,and the clinger and sprawler were the most sensitive.Human interference significantly influenced the species and life-form composition,and the life-form composition was the most sensitive to the interference.

关 键 词：山地溪流 底栖动物 群落结构 生活型 人为干扰 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]