乙烯储罐气体泄漏诱发蒸气云爆炸的数值模拟  

Numerical simulation on gas dispersions and vapor cloud explosions induced by gas released from an ethylene storage tank

作　　者：王秋红 孙艺林 李鑫 蒋军成 张明广 王刘兵 WANG Qiuhong;SUN Yilin;LI Xin;JIANG Juncheng;ZHANG Mingguang;WANG Liubing(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,Shaanxi,China;College of Safety Science and Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 210009,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Hazardous Chemicals Safety and Control,Nanjing 210009,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学安全科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]南京工业大学安全科学与工程学院,江苏南京210009 [3]江苏省危险化学品本质安全与控制技术重点实验室,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2020年第12期118-130,共13页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0800100);国家自然科学基金(51504190)。

摘　　要：储罐会因腐蚀或人为误操作等原因引发泄漏,造成泄漏气体扩散或气云爆炸事故。为了揭示此种事故的发展过程及影响规律,应用计算流体力学软件FLACS,研究了泄漏和环境风两个主要影响因素对乙烯气体扩散及爆炸的影响。结果表明:气云扩散距离和体积随泄漏速率增加而增大;当泄漏速率低于6 kg/s时,不同泄漏方向上的气云扩散距离及体积相近;当泄漏速率高于6 kg/s时,气体泄漏扩散和气云形成过程因受到障碍物影响,随阻塞率增大,气云扩散距离减小,气云体积增加。当泄漏方向垂直于储罐组中轴线,泄漏速率为18 kg/s时,气云扩散距离最大为81.5 m;当泄漏方向平行于储罐组中轴线,泄漏速率为24 kg/s时,气云体积最大达到9 604 m^3。爆炸波的冲击压力随泄漏速率升高而升高;环境风会加快可燃气体稀释,有效降低气云爆炸发生的概率,降低爆炸强度,达到爆炸压力峰值的时间更早,可使高温在更短的时间内下降。泄漏速率为24 kg/s时,与泄漏储罐紧邻的储罐表面上被冲击到的爆炸超压仅为6.88 kPa,但温度高达2 384 K,因此,为避免事故发生时的二次灾害,救援中对储罐组的冷却降温尤为重要。Storage tanks may leak due to corrosion or human error,resulting in released gas dispersion and vapor cloud explosion accidents.The computational fluid dynamics software FLACS was employed to reveal the development processes of explosion accidents and estimate their influences on the environment,focusing on the effect of the leakage and environmental wind as two dominant factors on the ethylene gas dispersion and gas explosion.The results show that gas cloud dispersion distance and gas cloud volume increase with the increasing leak rate.When the leak rate is less than 6 kg/s,the gas cloud dispersion distance and gas cloud volume are similar in different leak directions.When the leak rate is greater than 6 kg/s,the dispersion of released gas and formation of gas cloud are influenced by the obstacles.The gas cloud dispersion distance decreases and the gas cloud volume increases as the blockage rate of the geometric obstacles increases.When the leak direction is perpendicular to the central axis of the storage tank group and the leak rate is 18 kg/s,the gas cloud attains its maximum dispersion distance of 81.5 m.When the leak direction is parallel to the central axis of the storage tank group and the leak rate is 24 kg/s,the gas cloud reaches its maximum volume of 9604 m3.The impact pressure of the explosion wave increases with the increase in the leak rate.Under the influence of the environmental wind,the dilution of combustible gas is prominently accelerated and the combustible gas cloud volume is substantially lessened.Meanwhile,the probability of ignition of gas clouds and the intensity of the vapor cloud explosion are effectively reduced.Moreover,the time corresponding to achieve the peak explosion pressure is earlier and the decrease of the temperature is quicker than their counterparts under the condition without the environmental wind.When the leak rate is 24 kg/s,the explosion overpressure around the leakage location on the surface of the tank is only 6.88 kPa,but the temperature is 2384 K.Therefore,when th

关 键 词：FLACS 泄漏扩散 气云爆炸 爆炸压力 爆炸温度 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学] X932[理学—力学]