肥料与密度对玉米新品种郧单21农艺性状及产量的影响  

Effect of Fertilizer and Planting Density on Agronomic Characters and Yield of New Maize Variety Yundan 21

作　　者：周刚[1] 陈光勇[1] 杨虎[1] 李文品[1] 张世洪[1] 叶青松[1] 唐余成 徐星华[1] ZHOU Gang;CHEN Guang-yong;YANG Hu(Shiyan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shiyan,Hubei 442000)

机构地区：[1]湖北省十堰市农业科学院,湖北十堰442000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第24期30-32,35,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖北省省农业科技创新中心项目(2016-620-000-001-063)。

摘　　要：以玉米新品种郧单21为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,主区为肥料因素(A),副区为种植密度(B),各设4个水平,研究肥料和密度对其主要农艺性状和产量的影响。结果表明,肥料和密度对郧单21的农艺性状和产量影响显著。在4个施肥水平中,A 3水平(复合肥750 kg/hm^2、尿素450 kg/hm^2)在穗长、穗行、出籽率、千粒重、产量等方面均达到最大值。密度对穗长、穗粗、穗行、行粒数、千粒重及产量均有显著影响,穗长、穗粗、穗行、行粒数、千粒重整体上均随密度的增高而降低,产量却随密度的增高而逐渐增加,当密度为B 3水平(6.0万株/hm^2)时产量最高。不同种植密度、施肥量及两者之间的互作效应,导致产量存在显著差异。产量随种植密度和施肥量的增加而增加,但当密度和施肥量太高时,产量出现降低。综合考虑肥料和种植密度因子,最佳处理组合为A 3B 3,即施肥量为复合肥750 kg/hm^2、尿素450 kg/hm^2,密度为6.0万株/hm^2。The new maize variety Yundan 21 was used as the experimental material,and a two-factor random block design was adopted.The main area was the fertilizer factor(A),and the subsidiary area was the planting density(B).Four levels were set to study the effects of fertilizer and planting density on agronomic characters and yield of Yundan 21.The results showed that fertilizer and planting density had significant effects on agronomic characters and yield of Yundan 21.Among the four fertilization levels,the A 3 level(compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm^2,urea 450 kg/hm^2)reached the maximum in ear length,ear row,seed rate,1000-grain weight and yield.Density had a significant effect on ear length,ear diameter,ear row,grain number per row,1000-grain weight,and yield.The overall ear length,ear diameter,ear row,grain number per row and 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of density,but the yield increased with the increase of density.When the density was at B 3 level(60000 plants/hm^2),the yield was the highest.Different planting densities,fertilization rates and their interaction lead to significant differences in yield.The yield increased with the increase of planting density and fertilizer rate,but decreased when the planting density and fertilizer rate were too high.Comprehensive considering the factors of fertilizer and planting density,the best treatment combination was A 3B 3,which was compound fertilizer 750 kg/hm^2,urea 450 kg/hm^2,and density 60000 plants/hm^2.

关 键 词：玉米 郧单21 肥料 种植密度 农艺性状 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]