横风作用下桥上车辆侧倾行车安全性分析  

The Rollover Driving Safety Analysis of Vehicles on Bridge Under Crosswinds

作　　者：陈宁[1] 李永乐[2] 王修勇[1] 张淇 CHEN Ning;LI Yong-le;WANG Xiu-yong;ZHANG Qi(School of Civil Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Hunan Xiangtan 411201,China;Department of Bridge Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Sichuan Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学土木工程学院,湖南湘潭411201 [2]西南交通大学桥梁工程系,四川成都610031

出　　处：《防灾减灾学报》2020年第4期26-36,共11页Journal of Disaster Prevention And Reduction

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51608193);湖南省教育厅一般项目(16C0645);湖南省教育厅创新平台开放基金项目(17K034);四川省科技计划资助(2017JY0514)。

摘　　要：强风是威胁桥上车辆行车安全的主要因素之一,开展横风作用下桥上通行车辆的行车安全性评估,对于减少车辆行车事故具有重要的意义。根据大型集装箱车和厢式货车的构造特性,基于虚功原理建立了24独立自由度的四轴拖挂车和13自由度的两轴车动力学分析模型。采用大比尺模型风洞试验技术,测试了考虑桥梁气动影响的车辆气动力系数。将自然风、车辆和桥梁作为统一的相互作用系统,在风-汽车-桥耦合振动研究的基础上,针对侧倾事故评判准则,提出采用动力稳定平衡方法来评估车辆的侧倾行车安全性。分析了风速、车速及路况条件等因素对车辆和桥梁动力响应及车辆侧倾临界风速的影响。分析结果表明:因受车体振动的影响,车体倾覆力矩随着风速和车速的变化呈现出一定的随机振动特性,最大倾覆力矩对车辆侧倾行车安全性评估起主导作用;采用动力稳定平衡方法获得的车辆的侧倾临界风速远低于侧倾安全因子法和静平衡估算法获得的侧倾临界风速,在车速为90km/h且路况为"好"时,集装箱车的侧倾临界风速为20m/s,厢式货车的侧倾临界风速为27.5m/s。Strong winds are one of the main factors that threaten the driving safety of vehicles on bridge,and it is of great significance to carry out the driving safety evaluation of vehicles on bridge under crosswinds in order to reduce the traffic accidents.According to the structural characteristics of container truck and van,the dynamic analysis model of vehicles with 24 independent DOFs for articulated lorry and 13 DOFs for van are established based on the principle of virtual work.The vehicles aerodynamic coefficients,considering the aerodynamic interactional effects of the bridge,are available by means of the large-scale model wind tunnel test.Taken the natural wind,vehicle and bridge as an interaction system,the dynamic equilibrium method is proposed to evaluate the driving safety of rollover based on the research of wind-vehicle-bridge coupling vibration.It analyzed the influences of the parameters such as wind velocity,vehicle speed and road conditions on the dynamic responses of vehicles and bridge,and the critical wind speed of vehicles.The results show that the overturning moment of the car body varying with the wind velocity and vehicle speed presents a stochastic vibration characteristic in some degrees due to the affection of the vibration of car body,and the maximum overturning moment plays a leading role in the driving safety evaluation of the vehicle's rollover accidents;the critical wind velocity of vehicles obtained by the dynamic equilibrium method are much lower than that of the rolling safety factor method and static equilibrium method.As 90km/h wind velocity and“good”road conditions,the critical wind speed of the container truck is 20m/s,while the van is 27.5m/s.

关 键 词：桥梁工程 行车安全性 风-车-桥 临界风速 横向风 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学] U441.3[天文地球—固体地球物理学]