激光干涉引力波探测器的参量不稳定性问题及其研究进展  

Parametric Instability in Laser Interferometer GravitationalWave Detectors and the Research Progress

作　　者：吴斌 刘见 张珏 陈旭 WU Bin;LIU Jian;ZHANG Jue;CHEN Xu(Department of Astronomy,Beiing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Albert Einstein In-stitute,Hanover 30167,Germany;Department of Physics,University of Western Australia,Crawley 6009,Australia)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学天文系,北京100875 [2]Albert Einstein Institute,Hanover 30167 [3]Department of Physics,University of Western Australia,Crawley 6009

出　　处：《天文学进展》2020年第4期367-382,共16页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(11633001,11920101003);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(B类)(XD-B23000000);北京师范大学学科交叉建设项目基金。

摘　　要：在激光干涉引力波探测器的干涉臂中,激光的功率非常高。这一设计降低了量子散粒噪声对探测灵敏度的影响,但却给引力波探测带来了参量不稳定性问题。激光干涉引力波探测器中的参量不稳定性问题由其臂腔内光学模与测试物质的声学模之间的相互作用引起,它使得测试物质的振荡呈指数型增长,最终可导致臂腔无法正常工作。从参量不稳定性问题的首次提出到今天,人们通过理论计算、模拟以及实验,提出且验证了多种抑制参量不稳定性问题的办法。首先回顾了激光干涉引力波探测器中参量不稳定性问题的研究过程,然后对参量不稳定性问题的理论模型进行了简单的介绍,最后着重分析了包括环形加热器、静电驱动器以及声学模阻尼器在内的三种目前比较重要的解决参量不稳定性问题的方法,并介绍了几种在未来值得尝试的新方法:使用阵列加热器改变探测器测试物质的形状,利用光学反馈来抑制探测器臂腔内的高阶模强度,以及设计消除参量不稳定性隐患的新一代探测器。High power lasers are widely used in the arm cavities of laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors to reduce quantum shot noise and improve sensitivity.However,the implementation of high power lasers can also result in parametric instability.Parametric instability is caused by the interaction between the arm cavity optical modes and the acoustic modes of the test masses, which can drive the acoustic modes amplitude to grow exponentiallyand lead the arm cavity control system to fail. Since parametric instability was putforward, people has been proposing and verifying a series of methods to solve this problem.This review revisits the theory of parametric instability and introduces the strategies for itssuppression. Ring heater, electrostatic drive and acoustic mode damper are introduced first,which are the methods that have been applied to LIGO. Then 3 new methods are discussed:matrix heater is shown to have advantages in suppressing multiple parametric instabilitiesby changing the surface of the test masses;optical feedback injects anti-phase high-ordermode into the arm cavity to optically interfere and suppress the excited high-order mode;and another new method shows that it is possible to design future detectors that are free ofparametric instability.

关 键 词：引力波探测 参量不稳定性 光声相互作用 

分 类 号：P171[天文地球—天文学]