投票人缺陷、候选人缺陷与制度笼子——人大代表选举的困境与治理之道  

Voter Imperfections,Candidate Imperfections and Institutional Cage——Dilemma for the Election of NPC Deputies and Its Governance

作　　者：谢启秦 彭隽华 XIE Qiqin;PENG Junhua

机构地区：[1]衡阳师范学院马克思主义学院,湖南衡阳421008 [2]衡阳市社科联,湖南衡阳421008

出　　处：《领导科学论坛》2020年第23期66-79,共14页The Forum of Leadership Science

基　　金：2017年衡阳师范学院十九大专项项目(17E03);2018年湖南省社会科学成果委员会一般项目(XSP18YBC286)。

摘　　要：作为我国的根本政治制度,人民代表大会制度在聚集民意、表达诉求和实现人民当家作主方面意义重大,是具有中国特色的政治制度安排。但是,人大代表选举的政治实践却常常陷入困境,成为人民代表大会制度的“阿喀琉斯之踵”。投票人在人大代表选举中表现出“公意”难以达成、民主能力不足、先天监督刚性缺失以及选举权寻租等缺陷;候选人在人大代表选举中显示出有效竞争不足、公共精神阙如、经济人理性、民主目标漂移以及不正当方式拉票等缺陷。投票人缺陷和候选人缺陷是人大代表选举面临的严峻挑战,能否成功消弭投票人缺陷和候选人缺陷决定着人民代表大会制度能否合法有效运行。因此,必须从人大代表选举的实际情况出发,抓住竞争、责任、参与、监管与法律等关键环节,严密扎牢制度笼子,确保人民当家作主的权利。As the fundamental political system of China,the People's Congress is of great significance in gathering public opinions,expressing appeals and realizing the people’s position of being the masters of the country.It is one of the political system arrangement with the most Chinese characteristics.However,the political practice of the election of deputies to the National People's Congress is always fallen into trouble again and again,becoming the Achilles heel of the People's Congress system.In the election of deputies to People's Congresses,the voters show such defects as difficulty in achieving"public will",lack of democratic ability,rigid inborn supervision and rent-seeking,etc.In the election of deputies to People's Congresses,candidates show such defects as lack of effective competition,lack of public spirit,economic rationality,drift of democratic goals and improper ways to solicit votes.Voter imperfections and candidate imperfections are the biggest challenge in the election of NPC deputies.Therefore,we must proceed from the actual situation of the election of deputies to People's Congresses,grasp the key links such as competition,responsibility,participation,supervision and law,and tighten the institutional cage to ensure the people's power as masters of the country.

关 键 词：人大代表选举 投票人缺陷 候选人缺陷 制度笼子 

分 类 号：D624[政治法律—政治学]