播期和播种方式对川南冬水田直播杂交稻生育进程和产量的影响  

Impacts of Sowing Date and Method on Grain Growth and Yield for Middle Seeding Hybrid Rice by Direct Seeding at Paddy Fields in Winter Southern Areas of Sichuan Province,China

作　　者：黄正 张荣萍[1] 陶诗顺[1] 张琪 侯永康 胡雨寒 彭惠容 罗锐利 杨丽琼 林莉 HUANG Zheng;ZHANG Rong-ping;TAO Shi-shun;ZHANG Qi;HOU Yong-kang;HU Yu-han;PENG Hui-rong;LUO Rui-li;YANG Li-qiong;LIN Li(School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China;Agricultural Technology Station of Agriculture Bureau of Jingyan County, Sichuan Province, Jingyan 613100, China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学生命科学与工程学院,中国绵阳621010 [2]四川省井研县农业局农技站,中国井研613100

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2020年第6期36-41,共6页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0301202);高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室项目(省重实验室2018-重点-05-01)。

摘　　要：为探索川南地区冬水田下水稻直播适宜的播期和播种方式,以蜀优217和F优498杂交稻为材料,采用2因素裂区设计,研究不同播期和播种方式对川南冬水田杂交稻的生育进程和产量的影响。结果表明:随着播期推迟,生育进程呈现播-抽期与全生育期缩短而抽-熟期延长的趋势;各生育期间有效积温呈现播-抽期减少、抽-熟期增加、全生育期先增后减的趋势;产量、每穗总粒数、千粒重先增后减,结实率逐渐减小,精量穴直播下:有效穗先增后减,精量撒播下:有效穗逐渐减小;各产量性状对水稻产量的直接作用从大到小为:有效穗、每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重;各生育期间的有效积温对产量的影响呈现播-抽期、抽-熟期、全生育期先减后增的趋势。相同播期下,精量穴直播与撒播相比,生育进程和有效积温均呈现播-抽期减小、抽-熟期增加、全生育期缩短的趋势;精量穴直播下的产量高于精量撒播下的产量。在4月19日播种和采用精量穴直播下蜀优217和F优498产量均达到最高,产量分别为9652.05 kg·hm^-2和10201.35 kg·hm^-2。In this work,two rice hybrids,Shuyou217 and Fyou498,were used to study the impact of different sowing dates and sowing methods on the growth process and grain yield of hybrid rice in winter paddy fields in Southern Sichuan.Our results show that:(i)with a delay of the sowing date,the growth process exhibited a trend of shortening the sowing-heading period and the full-growing period,but the heading-maturity period was extended;(ii)the effective accumulated temperature during each growth period displayed a trend of decreasing the sowing-heading period,increasing the heading-maturity period,and increasing first and then decreasing the whole growth period;(iii)grain yield,total grains per panicle and 1000 grain weight increased first and then decreased,with the seed setting rate decreased gradually under precision hole direct seeding,effective panicle increased first and then decreased,and under precision sowing,effective panicle decreased gradually;(iv)the direct impact of each yield factors on the rice yield is the following:effective panicle>total grains per panicle>seed setting rate>1000 grain weight;and(v)the impact of the effective accumulated temperature on the yield showed decreased sowing-heading,heading-maturity,and whole growth periods at first and then they all increased.Under the same sowing date,the growth process and effective accumulated temperature of the precision hole direct seeding displayed the trend of decreased sowing-heading period,increased heading-maturity period,and shortened whole growth period.The grain yield of Shuyou217 and Fyou498 reached the highest on April 19,when sowing and precision hole direct seedings were used,respectively,with the yield of 9652.05 kg·hm^-2 and 10201.35 kg·hm^-2.

关 键 词：生育进程 有效积温 产量性状 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]