太湖湖体沉积物营养盐和重金属污染特征研究  

Study on pollution characteristics of nutrient salts and heavy metals in sediment of Taihu Lake

作　　者：邓延慧[1] 王正文 丁润楠[2,3] 王劲龄 DENG Yan-hui;WANG Zheng-wen;DING Run-nan;WANG Jin-ling(Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Nanjing 210036,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southeast University,Nanjing 210096,China;SEU-Monash Joint Graduate School(Suzhou),Suzhou 215123,China;Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center Station,Nanjing 210000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省环境科学研究院,江苏南京210036 [2]东南大学土木工程学院,江苏南京210096 [3]东南大学-蒙纳士大学未来城市联合研究中心,江苏苏州215123 [4]南京市环境监测中心站,江苏南京210000

出　　处：《环境生态学》2020年第12期67-72,共6页Environmental Ecology

摘　　要：太湖具有防洪蓄水、工农业生产、景观旅游等功能,随着国民经济的不断发展、环湖地区工业企业日益增多,太湖水质下降、水体富营养化等问题频发,随之而来的是湖体沉积物营养盐和重金属属性和含量的复杂化,对其进行研究迫在眉睫。2020年3月在太湖湖体采集了20个表层沉积物样品,测定其沉积物营养盐及重金属的含量,分析了沉积物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和重金属的含量特征,并用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价了太湖综合治理后重金属污染状况和潜在生态风险。结果表明:各采样点TN和TP含量差异较大,竺山湖心TN、TP含量均为最高。As、Hg、Cd平均浓度均低于背景浓度值,Cr、Pb、Cu和Zn平均浓度均高于相应背景值,Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn的最高值均位于竺山湖心。沉积物重金属除Zn表现为轻微污染,其他元素均为无污染状态。各采样点单个元素重金属潜在生态风险指数及综合潜在生态风险指数均处于轻微风险水平,相较其历史数据,Cd潜在生态风险指数波动较大,其他元素有小幅波动,但总体呈现下降并处于轻微风险状态,表明太湖污染综合治理效果显著,但仍需密切关注竺山湖心等湖岸地带及湖体各重金属的污染动态。Taihu Lake has functions such as flood control and water storage,industrial and agricultural production,and landscape tourism.With the continuous development of the national economy and the increasing number of industrial enterprises in the lake area,the water quality of Taihu Lake and the eutrophication of water bodies are frequent,followed by The complexity of the nutrients and heavy metals in lake sediments is extremely important.In March 2020,twenty samples at surface sediment were collected from Taihu Lake.The contents of nutrients,heavy metals total nitrogen(TN),and total phosphorus(TP)in sediments were measured and analyzed.Both geo-accumulative index method and potential ecological risk method were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution and potential ecological hazard risk after comprehensive treatment in Taihu Lake.The results showed that the contents of TN and TP were great different among the twenty sites.The highest contents of TN and TP were observed in Zhushan Lake.The average concentrations of As,Hg and Cd were lower than the background concentration.The average concentrations of Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn were higher than the background concentration.The highest values of Cr,Pb,Cu and Zn were all occurred in the center of Zhushan Lake.All sediment heavy metals,except Zn,which showed a slight pollution,were in a non-polluted status.The potential ecological hazard index and comprehensive potential ecological hazard index of single element heavy metal at each sampling point were at a slight risk level.Compared with the historical data of potential ecological hazard assessment of heavy metals in Taihu Lake,the potential ecological hazard index of Cd fluctuated greatly,while other metals have small fluctuations with decline trends and slight risk.The results indicated that a significant effect of comprehensive pollution control in Taihu Lake,however,it is still necessary to pay a close attention to the pollution dynamics of heavy metals in the lakeshore and lake,especially for Laoshan Lake.

关 键 词：太湖底泥 重金属 清淤 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]