不同填充层材料的空间碎片防护结构性能试验研究  

Experimental study of shielding performance of protecting structures stuffed with different materials

作　　者：郭运佳 文雪忠[1] 黄洁[1] 赵君尧 柯发伟[1] 柳森[1] GUO Yunjia;WEN Xuezhong;HUANG Jie;ZHAO Junyao;KE Fawei;LIU Sen(Hypervelocity Impact Research Center,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速碰撞研究中心,绵阳621000

出　　处：《航天器环境工程》2020年第6期589-595,共7页Spacecraft Environment Engineering

摘　　要：航天器外用来防护空间碎片超高速撞击的填充防护结构一般以高强度高模量的组合纤维布(如Nextel\Kevlar)作为填充层。为初步评估填充层材料特性对填充防护结构防护性能的影响,并据此设计防护性能好、质量小、成本低的防护结构,通过试验对比研究了Nextel\Kevlar纤维布、Basalt\Kevlar纤维布、气凝胶\玻纤复合材料、木层、玻璃钢板及铝板作为填充层时对结构防护性能的影响。试验中采用的铝球弹丸直径为4.0~5.5 mm,撞击速度为3.0~5.0 km/s。试验结果显示:与面密度相同的铝板填充结构相比,在较高撞击速度(约5 km/s)下,纤维布类填充结构展现出良好的防护性能,但在较低速度(约3 km/s)下却性能较差;木层填充结构在较高和较低撞击速度下均表现出良好的防护性能。以上结果结合机理分析,为填充防护结构设计提供了初步优化思路。The stuffed shield installed outside the spacecraft for protecting against the space debris is generally made of fibers of both high strength and high modulus such as Nextel\Kevlar.The performance of six kinds of shields with different stuffed materials(Nextel\Kevlar fiber,aerogel\glass fiber composite,wood plate,polyurethane foam,aluminum plate and glass fiber reinforced plastic plate)of the same areal density are investigated by hypervelocity impact tests.The diameter of the projectiles ranges from 4.0 mm to 5.5 mm,and the impact velocity is set between 3.0 km/s and 5.0 km/s.The preliminary results show that the fiber stuffed shield enjoys a higher shielding capability for a higher impact velocity(about 5 km/s)injection,but performs poorly for projectiles with a lower impact velocity(about 3 km/s),as compared with the aluminum stuffed shield of the same areal density.The wooden shield performs well under both conditions.The above result,together with preliminary analysis of the protection mechanism,may provide some food of thought for the optimization design of the stuffed shield.

关 键 词：空间碎片 超高速碰撞 防护结构 填充材料 试验研究 

分 类 号：V414.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]