中国近代国家主权思想的兴起与演进  

The Rise and Evolution of the Thought of State Sovereignty in Modern China

作　　者：侯德彤 Hou Detong(School of History,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学历史学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《东方论坛（青岛大学学报）》2020年第6期61-72,共12页Eastern Forum（JOURNAL OF QINGDAO UNIVERSITY）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“近代中国政治制度的变革逻辑与借鉴意义研究”(18BZZ048);山东省社科规划项目“中国近代国家主权研究”(14CLSJ10)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：国家主权作为现代民族国家的根本属性,是指国家独立自主地处理国内外事务的权力,它具有对内最高、对外独立双重属性。国家主权思想则是指是人们对国家主权的系统化、理论化认识。国家主权思想最早是在西欧伴随着近代民族国家的建立和资本主义生产方式的兴起而产生、发展,并随着西欧资本主义国家的殖民扩张,向世界其他地区流布传播。中国近代国家主权思想从鸦片战争时期开始萌芽,大体经历了三个阶段:洋务运动期洋务派的挽利权思想;戊戌维新时期维新派的兴民权以维国权思想以及辛亥革命时期新知识界的人民主权话语体系。As the fundamental attribute of modern nation-state,state sovereignty refers to the power of the state to handle domestic and foreign affairs independently.It has the dual attributes of being the highest power at home and being independent from foreign countries.The thought of state sovereignty refers to people’s systematic and theoretical understanding of state sovereignty.It originated and developed in Western Europe with the establishment of modern nation-state and the rise of the capitalist mode of production,and spread to other regions of the world with the colonial expansion of Western European capitalist countries.This thought in modern China began to sprout in the period of the Opium War,and generally experienced three stages:the westernizationists’thought of regaining rightsin the period of the Westernization Movement;the thought of rejuvenating the people’s rights to safeguard the national rights of the reformers during the Reform Movement of 1898;and the discourse system of the people’s sovereignty in the new intellectual circles during the Revolution of 1911.

关 键 词：民族国家 国家主权 主权思想 人民主权 

分 类 号：K253[历史地理—历史学]