禁止酷刑委员会的实践及其对《禁止酷刑公约》实施的影响  

The Practice of the Committee against Torture and Its Impact on the Implementation of the Convention against Torture

作　　者：张红虹 Zhang Honghong

机构地区：[1]不详

出　　处：《人权研究》2020年第3期100-112,共13页Chinese Journal of Human Rights

摘　　要：1984年12月联合国大会通过的《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》,既有助于在国际层面明晰酷刑的概念,也有助于澄清缔约国预防和惩罚酷刑的义务,包括根据“或引渡或起诉”原则行使普遍管辖权。依据上述公约规定设立的禁止酷刑委员会,作为联合国十个人权条约机构之一,通过完善自身的相关机制,采取诸如规范缔约国执行情况报告的撰写形式和内容、实施简化报告程序、允许利益相关方参与报告机制、增加结论性意见的后续行动以及确立在无缔约国报告或缔约国不派代表出席会议的情况下审议该缔约国履约状况(缺席审议)等一系列举措,加强与缔约国的建设性对话,落实并推动了《禁止酷刑和其他残忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚公约》的实施。其制定发布的一般性意见对公约某些条文作了较为宽泛的解释,在保障申诉者权益等方面亦有作为。The Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment(hereinafter referred to as the“Convention against Torture”)adopted by the General Assembly in December 1984,not only helps to clarify the concept of torture at the international level,but also helps to clarify the obligations of States parties to prevent and punish torture,including the exercise of universal jurisdiction in accordance with the principle of“Extradite or Prosecute”.The Committee against Torture,established in accordance with the Convention against Torture,as one of the ten United Nations human rights treaty bodies,has improved its own relevant mechanisms through a series of measures such as standardizing the writing form and content of a State party’s implementation report,implementing simplified reporting procedures,allowing interested parties to participate in the reporting mechanism,adding follow-up to the concluding observations,establishing the consideration of the State party’s implementation status in the absence of a State party’s report or a State party’s representatives and so on.All these measures are aimed at strengthening the constructive dialogues with States parties,and promoting the implementation of the Convention against Torture.The General Comments formulated and issued by the Committee against Torture have given a broader interpretation to some provisions of the Convention against Torture,and also played a role in protecting the rights and interests of the complainants.

关 键 词：禁止酷刑委员会 禁止酷刑公约 议事规则 一般性意见 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]