论毒品重量与毒品纯度的复合立法模式——以贩卖、运输毒品美沙酮案件为切入点  

Proposition for a Combined Weight-Purity Bill for Narcotic Drug Amount Calculation--Based on a Methadone Trafficking and Distribution Case

作　　者：黄旭 HUANG Xu(Chongqing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市第一中级人民法院,重庆401147

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2020年第5期98-111,共14页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：西南政法大学国家毒品问题治理研究中心(毒品犯罪与对策研究中心)研究项目“毒品含量鉴定问题研究”(DR2019J004)。

摘　　要：《刑法》第357条第2款确立了以毒品重量认定毒品数量,而不以纯度折算含量的立法模式。该立法模式过度重视毒品重量,而忽视了毒品纯度在衡量毒品危害性方面的重要作用,不利于毒品案件的准确定罪量刑,是造成毒品犯罪重刑率普遍偏高的直接原因。为弥补重量认定型立法模式之不足,最高人民法院通过刑事政策、指导意见、司法解释、案例指引等方式试图确立毒品纯度在毒品案件定罪量刑中的实际价值。司法补位措施对毒品犯罪正确定罪量刑发挥了一定的积极作用,但同时也产生了新的问题。鉴于此,应当在刑事立法上确立毒品纯度的法律地位,构建毒品重量和毒品纯度的复合立法模式,即将现行《刑法》规定的毒品数量认定标准,修改为以毒品总重量为基本标准,同时允许在部分案件中,以毒品纯度折算含量作为辅助标准。在立法上再进一步明确,毒品案件量刑时,应当考虑毒品的纯度,毒品纯度的高低,可以作为对被告人从轻、减轻或者从重处罚的依据。The article 357(2)of Criminal Law establishes the legislation model that the amount of drug shall be measured in pursuant to its weight,excluding any converted estimations of its purity.This legislation overemphasizes the weight of drugs,while ignoring the significant role of its purity when judging its harmfulness,thereby undermining the accuracy of the conviction and sentencing,which directly leads to the generally high rate of heavy penalty in drug crimes.In order to make up for the deficiency of the weightbased legislative model,the Supreme Court tried to establish the actual value of drug purity in conviction and sentencing of drug cases by means of criminal policy,guidance,judicial interpretation and case guidance.Judicial supplementary measures have played a positive role in the accuracy of the conviction and sentencing,but it also leads new problems.In view of this,the legal status of drug purity should be established in criminal legislations,and the composite legislation model of both drug weight and purity should be structured.that is to amend measure criteria of drug quantity in the current Criminal Law,taking the total drug weight as the basic standard and allowing any converted drug purity to content as an auxiliary standard in some cases.Legislations should further provid that drug purity should be taken into consideration when sentencing for drug cases.The purity of drug can be used as a basis for a lighter,mitigated,or heavier punishment to defendants.

关 键 词：毒品犯罪 毒品数量 毒品含量 毒品纯度 复合立法模式 

分 类 号：DF62[政治法律—刑法学]