市场经济与资本主义:大分流视野下的中国明清经济史研究  

Market Economy and Capitalism:Studies of the Ming-Qing Economic History of China from the Perspective of the Great Divergence

作　　者：和文凯[1] HE Wenkai(the Division of Social Science,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]香港科技大学社会科学部

出　　处：《清史研究》2020年第6期21-36,共16页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：本文比较中国明清经济史的研究与大分流视野下的西欧经济史,强调重视市场经济与资本主义制度之间存在着本质差别。以劳动力、资本、土地等生产要素的流动性为突出特征的市场经济,是明清中国社会经济发展的一大成就,与工业革命前的西欧市场经济没有本质的差别。但如果将资本主义理解为国家财政与民间金融市场的深度结合,那么作为资本主义发展必要阶段的现代财政国家,不仅没有出现在明清中国,而且也是阻碍十九世纪下半叶中国工业经济发展的重要因素。This paper reviews the scholarship on the economic history of Ming and Qing China and compares it with the literature on the economic history of western Europe,and highlights some fundamental differences between a market economy and capitalism.By the eighteenth century,a market economy characterized by the mobility of the production factors of labor,land,and capital had consolidated in China,and was comparable to the market economies of pre-Industrial Revolution western Europe.However,if capitalism is understood as an economic system in which the state fiscal system is deeply interconnected with the private financial markets,then a prerequisite for its development is the modern fiscal state.Such a modern fiscal state not only did not emerge in Ming-Qing China,but its absence was a major stumbling block to the development of an industrial economy in China in the latter half of the nineteenth century.

关 键 词：市场经济 资本主义 大分流 现代财政国家 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]