冷冻卵子的社会、伦理和法律问题  

Social, ethical and legal issues of ovum freezing

作　　者：江素仕 杨亚波[1] 樊延军[2] 白符[2] 林深 杨冬梓[1] 赵晓苗[1] Jiang Sushi;Yang Yabo;Fan Yanjun;Bai Fu;Lin Shen;Yang Dongzi;Zhao Xiaomiao(Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510120,China;ART Management Department,National Center for Women and Children's Health,China CDC,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院生殖中心,广州510120 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心妇幼保健中心人类辅助生殖管理部,北京100089

出　　处：《中华生殖与避孕杂志》2020年第10期871-875,共5页Chinese Journal of Reproduction and Contraception

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(81771545);中华医学会临床医学科研专项资金(18010180747);广东省自然科学基金项目(2016A030313266)。

摘　　要：近年来,快速发展的卵子冷冻技术为妇女生育力保存提供了新的手段,我国部分辅助生殖机构已经逐步开展了卵子冷冻技术的临床应用。但是,卵子冷冻就技术层面而言,远远落后于胚胎及精子冷冻,人类卵母细胞的低温保存目前只能作为女性生育力保存可选方案之一;完全放开卵子库的使用在我国存在管理困难及其它伦理学问题。但是,对诸如卵巢早衰、将要进行放化疗的女性患者,确实有冻存卵母细胞的实质需求。本文对卵子冷冻可能引发的社会、伦理和技术层面的问题和争议进行了概述,并对各国卵子冷冻技术相关的法律法规进行介绍,以抛砖引玉,引起业内同行的关注,以期进一步建立健全相关的法律法规,推动卵子冷冻技术健康良性发展,让妇女生育需求和意愿在合理范围内能有效得到满足。The rapid development of oocyte cryopreservation in recent years has provided a new means for the preservation of women's fertility.Some assisted reproductive institutions in China have gradually carried out the clinical application of oocyte cryopreservation.However,oocyte cryopreservation is far behind embryo and sperm freezing in terms of technology,and cryopreservation of human oocytes can only be used as one of the options for female fertility preservation.Morever,allowing the egg bank completely has much management difficulties in our country,which can easily lead to ethical problems.However,there is a real need for oocyte cryopreservation in women with premature ovarian failure who are about to undergo radiotherapy and chemotherapy.This article summarizes the social,ethical and technical issues and controversies that may arise from egg freezing,and introduces the laws and regulations in various countries.We expect the healthy development of egg freezing technology and can satisfy the needs and wishes of women's reproduction effectively within a reasonable range.

关 键 词：卵子冷冻 伦理分析 法律 

分 类 号：R714.8[医药卫生—妇产科学] R-052[医药卫生—临床医学]