基于三维激光扫描的矿区地表倾斜值提取方法研究  

Study on extraction method of surface deformation tilt based on 3D laser scanning

作　　者：何荣[1] 陆广 HE Rong;LU Guang(School of Surveying&Land Information Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2020年第11期199-205,共7页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41501562,41671057);河南省科技攻关资助项目(172102310572);河南省高等学校重点科研资助项目(18B420003);河南理工大学博士基金资助项目(B2015-18);河南理工大学基本科研业务费专项资助项目(NSFRF170909)。

摘　　要：地表变形监测是煤矿安全生产、矿区建筑物维护的重要技术保障,为矿区环境治理和生态修复提供基础数据信息。为适应合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)、三维激光扫描、无人机、摄影测量等现代测绘技术发展,完善面状测绘技术应用于煤矿区地表监测时的损害程度判断指标体系,弥补传统测绘基于点状测绘求取地表倾斜值方法的缺陷,以大柳塔矿某工作面地表三维激光扫描点云数据为基础,采用S-G滤波对点云数据进行去噪处理,建立沉陷区三维数字高程模型,利用局部表面拟合的方法求取特征点法向量,计算地表变形前后各特征点法向量变化量,并与特征点真实倾斜角进行对比分析,提出基于点云数据的地表倾斜值提取方法。研究表明:S-G滤波能有效剔除非地面噪声点,平滑点云数据,使数据边缘梯度降低31.8%,提高生成数字高程模型(DEM)的精度,基于点云数据利用局部表面拟合法求取地表样本点倾斜值,与利用传统计算方法得到的样本点倾斜值中误差为0.78°,可满足实际工作要求。Surface deformation monitoring is an important technical guarantee for safe production of coal mines and buildings maintenance in mining areas,and can provide the basic data information for environmental governance and ecological restoration in mining areas.In order to adapt to the development of modern surveying and mapping technology such as InSAR,3D laser scanning,drone,photogrammetry,etc.,andperfect the damage degree judgment indicators of area mapping technology applied to surface monitoring in coal mine area,to make up for the defects of traditional surveying and mapping based on point mapping to obtain surface tilting method,this study proposed a method of extracting the ground tilt based on the surface 3D laser scanning point cloud data of a working face of Daliuta Mine.Firstly,the point cloud data is denoised through S-G filter and the three-dimensional digital elevation model of the subsidence area is established.Secondly,the local surface fitting method is used to obtain the feature point normal vector,and the normal vector variation of each feature point before and after the surface deformation is calculated.Finally,the vector variation is compared with the true tilt angle of the feature points.The results show that the S-G filter can effectively eliminate the ground noise points and smoothing the point cloud data,which makes the edge gradient reduced by 31.8%and can improve the accuracy of generating DEM.Based on the point cloud data,the medium error between the slope deformation obtained from the local surface fitting method and that from the traditional method reaches 0.78°,which can meet the requirements of practical work.

关 键 词：三维激光扫描 面状测绘 开采沉陷监测 倾斜变形 

分 类 号：TD823[矿业工程—煤矿开采]