井筒四相流动理论在深水钻完井工程与测试领域的应用与展望  

Application and prospect of the wellbore four-phase flow theory in the field of deepwater drilling and completion engineering and testing

作　　者：孙宝江[1] 王雪瑞 孙小辉 李昊[1] 王志远[1] 高永海[1] 卢义玉[2] SUN Baojiang;WANG Xuerui;SUN Xiaohui;LI Hao;WANG Zhiyuan;GAO Yonghai;LU Yiyu(School of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum-East China,Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;School of Resources and Safety Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,266580 [2]重庆大学资源与安全学院

出　　处：《天然气工业》2020年第12期95-105,共11页Natural Gas Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“天然气水合物开采井与深海土的相互作用和安全设计”(编号:51893091014);中国石油天然气集团有限公司重大科技项目“天然气水合物试采井筒安全构建理论与控制技术”(编号:ZD2019-184-003)。

摘　　要：海洋深水油气钻完井过程中,井筒内流体流动是一个多组分、存在相变及流型转化的复杂四相流动过程。为了进一步揭示深水钻完井井筒多相流动规律,基于井筒四相流动理论,阐述了其在深水油气钻完井工程领域的应用进展;然后,针对该理论在深水钻完井某些特殊工况下存在的局限性,展望了井筒多相流动理论未来的发展趋势。研究结果表明:①深水钻完井井筒四相流动理论能够充分考虑深水井筒中的各种物理化学现象,可以实现对井筒瞬态温度、压力的精确刻画,进而为深水钻完井水力参数优化设计提供坚实的理论基础;②深水钻井井涌发生后,在泥线低温高压环境作用下,井筒内气相易生成天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)相变,从而改变井筒气体体积分数的分布特征;③在井底高温高压作用下,井筒酸性气气体存在着超临界相变,导致高含酸性气体的气侵具有“隐蔽性”;④深水气井测试过程中,井筒四相流动理论能够准确刻画井筒内水合物沉积、堵塞全过程,为深水气井测试过程中水合物的防治提供理论依据;⑤深水钻井井筒多相流动理论今后的发展趋势,将涉及井筒与深水特殊地层耦合作用机制、深海水合物钻井井筒多相流动理论及支撑深水钻井新技术的井筒多相流动理论的研究。In the drilling and completion process of an offshore deepwater oil&gas well,fluid flow in the wellbore is a complex fourphase flow process with multiple components,phase transition and flow pattern transformation.In order to further reveal the multi-phase flow laws in the wellbore of deepwater drilling and completion,this paper illustrated the application progress of wellbore four-phase flow theory in the field of deepwater oil&gas drilling and completion engineering.Then,in view of the limitations of the theory in some special working conditions of deepwater drilling and completion,the future development trend of wellbore multi-phase flow theory was prospected.And the following research results were obtained.First,the wellbore four-phase flow theory of deepwater drilling and completion can fully consider the various physical and chemical phenomena in the deepwater wellbore and accurately describe the transient temperature and pressure in the wellbore,which provides a solid theoretical base for the optimized design of hydraulic parameters of deepwater drilling and completion.Second,after well kick happens during deepwater drilling,under the action of low temperature and high pressure at mud line,the gas phase in the wellbore tends to change into natural gas hydrate(hereinafter,"hydrate"for short),which changes the distribution characteristics of wellbore gas volume fraction.Third,under the action of high temperature and high pressure at the bottom hole,the acid gas in the wellbore undergoes supercritical phase transition,which makes the gas invasion of sour gas"hidden".Fourth,in the testing process of a deepwater gas well,the wellbore four-phase flow theory can accurately describe the whole process of hydrate deposition and blockage in the wellbore,which provides a theoretical basis for hydrate prevention and control in the testing process of the deepwater gas well.Fifth,the development trend of the wellbore multi-phase flow theory of deepwater drilling will include studies on the coupling mechanism between well

关 键 词：深水 海洋油气 钻完井工程与测试 井筒四相流动理论 天然气水合物 水力参数优化设计 

分 类 号：TE52[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]