欧盟数据跨境转移中的充分决定机制研究  

Mechanism on Adequacy Decision of EU Cross-border Transfer of Personal Data

作　　者：袁慧 Yuan hui

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2020年第11期56-69,共14页Electronics Intellectual Property

摘　　要：充分决定机制是欧盟个人数据跨境转移的核心机制,实质是基于欧盟个人数据保护基本权利和次级欧盟数据保护规范,对第三国或者地区法律保护水平的评估,本质上是一种法律范畴的实施机制。相较于《1995数据保护指令》,欧盟《一般数据保护条例》在原来两大模块评估框架的基础上增加至三大模块,分别对实体保护原则、实施机制以及对公权力机构限制措施进行“最低限度保护”的评估。欧盟有意将该机制发展成实现欧盟个人数据保护规范全球化的重要路径。充分决定机制开始从法律中心主义向外交中心主义转变,成为欧盟重塑国际地位的重要方式。Adequacy Decision is the central mechanism of EU regulatory system on cross-border transfer of personal data.It is an essentially legal assessment,through which EU regulatory authorities compare legal norms of the third country or other competent institutions with EU fundamental rights and secondary legal norms and decide whether the former achieves the essential equivalent protection as the later.Based on the two-module assessment framework formulated by Data Protection Directive 1995,the General Personal Data Protection Regulation expanded the scope of assessment elements and set up a three-module framework,including the substantial data protection core principles,the enforcement mechanism,and measures on limiting public authorities.In recent years,EU intends to use adequacy mechanism to promote EU norms as global benchmark for data protection across countries.Therefore,the adequacy decision mechanism has been transformed from the original legal-centric mechanism to diplomatic-centric one,and has been served as an instrument to reshape the EU global role.

关 键 词：欧盟个人数据保护 充分决定 数据跨境转移 法律全球化 

分 类 号：D95[政治法律—法学] DD912.1