某冲击地压频发工作面微震冲击前兆信息特征及预警方法研究  

Study on microseismic precursors and early warning methods of rockbursts in a working face

作　　者：田向辉 李振雷 宋大钊 何学秋 焦彪 曹安业[4] 马衍坤[5] TIAN Xianghui;LI Zhenlei;SONG Dazhao;HE Xueqiu;JIAO Biao;CAO Anye;MA Yankun(School of Civil and Resources Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mine,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Shaanxi Binchang Hujiahe Mining Co.,Ltd.,Xianyang,Shaanxi 713600,China;School of Mines,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu 221116,China;School of Energy and Safety,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Huainan,Anhui 232001,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [3]陕西彬长胡家河矿业有限公司,陕西咸阳713600 [4]中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [5]安徽理工大学能源与安全学院,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2020年第12期2471-2482,共12页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(FRF-TP-19-025A2);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51904019,51634001)。

摘　　要：冲击地压作为一种常见的煤岩动力灾害,其防治与监测预警研究具有重要的工程意义。为进一步提高某工作面冲击地压危险预警能力,对该工作面2018年5月至8月发生的11起冲击地压展开研究。案例分析发现,11次冲击中有10次发生在临空巷,冲击地压受采空区侧向压力和区段煤柱叠加产生的静载集中应力影响,并在大能量矿震产生的动载扰动作用下发生,微震能量、频次可反映应力集中程度和动载扰动强度,可用于冲击地压监测预警。对历次冲击前后的微震能量、频次及其偏差值的演化特征进行分析,得到冲击地压微震前兆信息时序规律,即冲击前微震能量/频次具有明显的偏离性趋势特征,出现偏差高值,且冲击前7日内微震能量和频次偏差高值总数和至少为2。据此提出了一种基于每日微震最大能量和微震能量/频次偏差高值总数的定量-趋势冲击危险预警新方法,即以每日微震最大能量进行初步预警,再根据7日内微震能量和频次偏差高值总数的最大值对初步预警结果进行调整,确定最终危险等级。运用R评分法对该预警方法和工作面原微震预警方法的预警效能进行对比,新方法和原方法的R值分别为0.673和0.072,表明新预警方法远优于工作面原预警方法。运用该预警方法对新疆自治区某矿进行预警检验,R值达到0.652,同样具有较高的预警能力,进一步验证了新方法的有效性。研究结果可为煤矿冲击地压监测预警提供借鉴。As a common dynamic disaster of coal and rock,the prevention,monitoring and early warning of rockbursts are of great engineering significance.In order to improve the early warning ability of rockbursts in one working face,11 rockbursts occurred in the working face from May to August in 2018 were studied.Case study shows that,ten of the 11 rockbursts occurred in the roadway adjacent gob,that the rockbursts,affected by the static concentration stress generated by the superposition of the side pressure of the gob and the section coal pillar,occurred under the dynamic load disturbance caused by the large energy mine tremors,and that the microseismic(MS)energy and frequency can reflect the stress concentration degree and the dynamic load disturbance intensity and thus can be used for the monitoring and early warning of rockbursts.The evolution of the MS energy/frequency and their deviation values before and after the rockbursts was analyzed,and the time sequence law of MS precursors of rockbursts was obtained.It is shown that the MS energy and frequency before rockburst have obvious deviant trend characteristics with high deviation values,and the sum of the occurrence frequency of deviation high values of the MS energy and frequency in 7 days before a rockburst is at least two.A new quantity-trend rockburst risk early warning method based on daily MS maximum energy and the maximum occurrence frequency of deviation high values of the MS energy and frequency was then proposed.Specifically,the daily MS maximum energy is used for preliminary early warning,and then the final risk level is adjusted by the maximum of the occurrence frequency of deviation high values of the MS energy/frequency within 7 days.Comparative analysis of the early warning effectiveness between the new method and the original method used in the working face by R-score method shows that the R values by the two methods are respectively 0.673 and 0.072,which indicates that the new method is far superior to the original method.The new early warning metho

关 键 词：采矿工程 冲击地压 监测预警 微震 前兆信息 定量–趋势 

分 类 号：TD32[矿业工程—矿井建设]