额外卫生措施的国际法规制——以《国际卫生条例》和SPS协定为视角  

International Regulation on Additional Health Measures:From the Perspective of IHR and SPS Agreement

作　　者：冯洁菡 FENG Jiehan

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2020年第3期15-31,共17页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“后TRIPS时代知识产权全球治理体系变革与中国因应方略研究”(项目批准号:18BFX157);武汉大学中国边界与海洋研究院2019年资助项目“印度知识产权立法问题研究”的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：公共卫生安全与贸易间关系的平衡是国际卫生法体系和国际贸易法体系共同追求的目标,但不同法律体系各有其侧重。2005年《国际卫生条例》规定了国家实施额外卫生措施应遵循的实体标准和程序义务,但问责机制缺位。以SPS协定为代表的WTO法及其争端解决机制以规则为导向调控精细,但无法及时解决临时性卫生措施造成的贸易限制,且规制的卫生措施范围有限。加强WHO框架下的制度性遵约机制、转变对WHO的功能定位以及加强WHO与相关国际组织的合作是可供选择的解决路径。To balance between public health security and trade is the common goal of international health law and international trade law,but each legal systemhas its own inclinations.The International Health Regulations(2005)provides substantive standards and procedural obligations that the contracting parties should comply with when implementing additional health measures,but it is short of accountability mechanism.The rule-oriented WTO law and its dispute settlement mechanism,illustrated by the SPS agreement,are well operated but cannot eliminate trade restrictive effects of temporary health measures in time,and the scopeof regulationare limited.Strengthening institutional compliance mechanism under the internal framework of WHO,changing functional orientation of WHO and promoting cooperation between WHO and relevant international organizations are the alternative resolutions.

关 键 词：额外卫生措施 国际卫生条例 SPS协定 WHO 国际合作 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]