新冠肺炎疫情国际法律责任辨析  

On the International Legal Responsibility of COVID-19 Pandemic

作　　者：罗国强 LUO Guoqiang

机构地区：[1]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2020年第3期32-50,共19页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：中国法学会2019年度部级法学研究重点课题“国际法律斗争实践与中国国际法治思维研究”[项目批准号:CLS(2019)B02];2016年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“构建人类命运共同体与中国国际法理论创新”(项目批准号:16JJD820011)的资助。

摘　　要：就国家责任而言,新冠肺炎疫情的传播不可归于中国,某些美国政客所提出的追责主张不符合过错性这一要件的要求,中国在抗疫过程中没有违背国际法上的义务,不存在任何构成国家责任的因素,有关追责的国际司法程序无法启动和执行。就国际损害责任而言,新冠肺炎疫情的暴发属于意外灾害,不能归于任何国家。国际损害责任目前仅涵盖国际环境及航空航天等特定领域,并不涉及国际公共卫生事件。国际损害责任的求偿程序启动依赖于当事国达成一致,要求中国就新冠肺炎疫情传播承担国际损害责任没有国际法依据。The COVID-19 pandemic cannot be attributed to China,the claimants made by some American politicans cannot meet the requirement posed by the element of intention and negligence.No international obligation had been violated by China,thus no element of state responsibility exists and no international legal procedure could be initiated and enforced against China.The pandemic is an unexpected disaster,thus cannot be attributed to any State.State liability for damages practically covers only issues of international enviro-mental pollution and certain international air and space damages,not international public health.The initiation of its damage claiming procedure relies on the agreement of parties.Claiming State liability for damages from China has no basis in international Law.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 国家责任 国际损害责任 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]