非政府组织向联合国人权理事会提交涉华疫情来文的法律分析  

Non-governmental Organizations’ Communication against China at the United Nations Human Rights Council: A Legal Analysis

作　　者：毛俊响[1] 彭芩萱 MAO Junxiang;PENG Qinxuan

机构地区：[1]中南大学人权研究中心 [2]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2020年第3期70-82,共13页Wuhan University International Law Review

摘　　要：联合国人权理事会申诉程序旨在处理得到可靠证实的、一贯严重侵犯人权和基本自由的情况。相较其前身——人权委员会的1503程序,人权理事会申诉程序更透明、更强调国际合作、更关注受害者权利。新冠肺炎疫情期间,某些非政府组织向人权理事会申诉程序提交来文,要求中国赔偿国际社会因新冠肺炎疫情造成的损失。在程序上,这不符合人权理事会申诉程序受理来文的标准,人权理事会申诉程序无权作出中国赔偿损失的决定;在实体上,中国并未违反来文所依据的《国际卫生条例》《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》和国际法上的“适当注意”义务,因此不应承担国际人权法上的国家责任。The Complaint Procedure of the United Nations Human Rights Council is to deal with gross and reliably attested violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms. Compared to the 1503 procedure of the former Commission on Human Rights, the Human Rights Council Complaint Procedure is more transparent, places more emphasis on international cooperation and more attention to the rights of victims. During the COVID-19 pandemic,some non-government organizations submitted a communication against China at the Human Rights Council, claiming China’s liability for the pandemic. Procedurally speaking, such a communication does not meet the admissibility criteria of the Human Rights Council Procedure. Furthermore, the Human Rights Council is not authorized to make a legally-binding decision for China to abide by. On a merit basis, China has not violated the duties under the International Health Regulations, nor those of International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, or the due diligence duty in international law in a broad sense. Thus, China is not obliged to assume legal liability under the Human Rights Council Procedure.

关 键 词：新冠肺炎疫情 人权理事会 申诉程序 国家责任 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学] D813.2[政治法律—法学]