美国法院涉新冠疫情诉讼的主要法律问题  

Legal Problems in the COVID-19 Litigations in the U.S.

作　　者：霍政欣[1] 汤诤 HUO Zhengxin;TANG Zheng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学 [2]武汉大学国际法研究所

出　　处：《武大国际法评论》2020年第3期97-118,共22页Wuhan University International Law Review

基　　金：“研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神”国家社科基金重大项目“我国法域外适用法治体系构建研究”(项目批准号:20ZDA031)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：新冠疫情在美国暴发后,陆续有美国个人、机构甚至州政府将中国诉至美国法院,要求中国承担赔偿责任。原告援引《外国主权豁免法》中的商业行为例外、非商业侵权例外及恐怖主义例外,主张美国法院行使管辖权。然而,上述三项豁免例外均无法得到美国国内法的支持,中国享有司法管辖豁免。如美方向我国送达法院传票,中国应视送达的具体方式予以回应,在必要时阐释立场;对于疫情在美国造成的损失,中国在侵权法上没有法律责任;且即便出现美国法院行使管辖权并判决中国败诉的极端不利情况,中国在美国的国家财产也享有更大范围的执行豁免权。After the COVID-19 outbreak in the U.S.,a number of U.S citizens,organisations and government entities filed the class-actions in the U.S.courts against China for damages suffered as the result of the pandemic.The plaintiffs argued the U.S.courts could assert jurisdiction based on the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 1976,which grants exceptions to state immunities for commercial activities,non-commercial tort and terrorism.However,none of the three exceptions should be approved by the U.S.courts in these proceedings.If China was served of the proceedings,China should respond according to the specific methods of service and may indicate its position when necessary.China is not liable for injuries and damages to the U.S.citizens caused by the pandemic pursuant to the U-S.tort law.Even if the U.S.courts accept jurisdiction and hold in favour of the plaintiff,China-owned assets located in the territory of the U.S.are entitled to broader immunities from execu-tion.

关 键 词：新冠疫情 美国诉讼 国家主权豁免 文书送达 侵权责任 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD916.2