金属氧化物纳米复合材料电化学储能应用研究进展  

Research advances on the application of metal oxides based nanocomposites in electrochemical energy storage

作　　者：梁明会[1] 王焕 尹艳艳 李晓军[1] LIANG Minghui;WANG Huan;YIN Yanyan;LI Xiaojun(National Center for Nanoscience and Technology,Beijing 100190,China;Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]国家纳米科学中心,北京100190 [2]山东建筑大学,山东济南250100

出　　处：《金属功能材料》2020年第6期1-14,共14页Metallic Functional Materials

基　　金：北京市科委重点研发计划(Z191100004819005)。

摘　　要：电化学能源存储技术对满足移动电子产品、可穿戴设备和动力汽车等的能源需求具有非常重要的作用。赝电容超级电容器作为电化学储能器件的一种,具有功率密度高、循环使用寿命长、倍率性能好和环境友好等特点。具有可变金属价态的金属氧化物/氢氧化物可作为赝电容超级电容器的电极材料,其优点是理论比容量高。由于金属氧化物通常导电性差,且超级电容器储能反应主要发生在表面,所以金属氧化物实际储能容量较低。为解决存在的问题,主要采取导电材料复合和减小材料尺寸的方式提升金属氧化物的储能性能。结合本课题组的研究,综述了近期氧化镍、氧化锰和氧化铁等廉价金属氧化物作为储能材料的研究进展。碳材料与金属氧化物的复合能有效提升金属氧化物的储能性能,而降低金属氧化物尺寸至1~2 nm,使活性材料表现出优异的储能性能。还简要介绍了碳包覆锌-氧化锰水系电池的性能研究工作,研究结果表明,碳包覆锌结构大幅提升了电池的循环性能。最后对金属氧化物电极材料的未来发展进行了展望。Electrochemical energy storage technology plays an important role in meeting the energy demand for mobile electronic devices,wearable devices and electric-driven vehicles.Pseudo-capacitor is a kind of electrochemical energy storage device,having the properties of high power density,long lifetime,good rate performance and environmental friendliness.The metal oxides/hydroxides with the variable metallic valence states can act as the electrodes of pseudo-capacitors,and they have high theoretical specific capacitances.Nevertheless,the bad conductivity of metal oxides and the limited energy storage reactions on the shallow surface of metal oxides lead to their low practical specific capacitances.To overcome the existed problems,the combination between conductive materials and metal oxides as well as the reduction of the size of metal oxides are used to improve the energy storage performance of metal oxides.The recent research advances on the nickel-based materials,Mn-based materials and iron-based materials acting as the electrodes for energy storage on the basis of the research work in our group were summarized.The energy storage performance of metal oxides was enhanced by combining carbon materials and metal oxides.Reduced the size of metal oxide to 1-2 nm could evidently improve the performance of active materials.The research work on Zn@C//MnO2 aqueous batteries was briefly introduced.The research results revealed that the formation of Zn@C played an important role in enhancing the lifetime of Zn-based battery.Lastly,the outlook on the future of metal oxides electrodes was provided.

关 键 词：金属氧化物 纳米复合材料 超级电容器 锌锰电池 二次电池 

分 类 号：TM53[电气工程—电器] TM911.14