有机肥对春旱烟区烤烟生长及经济性状的影响  

Effects of Increasing Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Economic Characteristics of Flue-tobacco in Spring Drought Tobacco Area

作　　者：潘洪 蒋承耿 张崇德 王忠宇 李长权 艾复清 PAN Hong;JIANG Chengeng;ZHANG Chongde;WANG Zhongyu;LI Changquan;AI Fuqing(Tobacco College of Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China;Liupanshui Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province,Ljupanshui,Guizhou 553000,China;Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research in Guizhou Province,Guiyang,Guizhou 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学烟草学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省烟草公司六盘水市公司,六盘水553000 [3]贵州省烟草品质研究重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《作物研究》2020年第6期544-549,共6页Crop Research

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(201804)。

摘　　要：为探究春旱烟区有机肥施用的最佳比例,采用随机区组设计,在施氮量不变的条件下研究有机肥替代无机肥比例对云烟87生长和烤后烟叶经济性状的影响。结果表明:云烟87大田生长过程中烟株SPAD值的变化表现为下降-上升-下降的趋势,茎高、干物质积累量为缓慢上升-加快上升-快速上升-有所减慢的趋势,茎围表现为缓慢增长-快速增长-有所减慢的趋势,出叶速度总体上表现为缓慢上升-快速上升-快速下降的趋势,最大叶面积增长速度表现为加快上升-平缓上升-快速上升-快速下降的趋势;各处理比较,有机肥比例在40%以上更利于烟株后期的生长,但比例过高(60%~80%)不利于前期的生长和烟叶落黄。从经济性状来看,随着有机肥比例的增加,产量和成本随之增加,产值、等级质量和经济效益总体上表现为先升后降,有机肥替代比例在40%时最高。因此,从烟株生长状况和烤后烟叶经济性状来看,建议春旱烟区有机肥施用比例以40%左右为宜。In order to explore the optimal proportion of organic fertilizer application in the spring drought tobacco areas,the effect of different organic fertilizer substitution inorganic fertilizer ratio on the growth dynamic shady and the economic characteristics of tobacco leaves after curing of Yunyan 87 was studied under the condition of the unchanged amount of fertilization. The results showed that the changes of SPAD value of tobacco plants in the growth of Yunyan 87 field shown as a downward-rise-downward trend,high stem,dry matter accumulation was a slow rise-accelerated rise-rapid rise-slow-upward trend,the stem circumference was shown as a slow growth-rapid growth-slow-down trend,the leaf rate was generally shown as a slow rise-rapid rise-rapid downward trend,and the growth rate of the maximum leaf area was shown as the trend of accelerating the rise-flat rise-rapid rise-rapid decline.From the economic characteristics,with the increase of organic fertilizer ratio,the output and cost increase,the output value,grade quality and economic benefits in general showed in creasing at firsts and decreasing later,the proportion of organic fertilizer substitution at 40% was the highest. In summary,from the growth status of tobacco strains and the economic characteristics of tobacco leaves after curing,it was recommended that 40% of organic fertilizer application was suitable in the spring drought tobacco area.

关 键 词：烤烟 栽培 有机肥 经济性状 

分 类 号：S572.062[农业科学—烟草工业]