电解液添加剂氟代碳酸二乙酯的合成及其性能研究  

Studies on Synthesis and Properties of Diethyl Fluorocarbonate as Electrolyte Additive

作　　者：张洪源 赵萃萃 许凤霞 Zhang Hongyuan;Zhao Cuicui;Xu Fengxia(Tianjin Vocational Institute,School of Biological and Environmental Engineering,Chemical Application Technology Research Center,Tianjin 300410,China)

机构地区：[1]天津职业大学生物与环境工程学院化工应用技术研究中心,天津300410

出　　处：《化学世界》2020年第12期799-804,共6页Chemical World

基　　金：天津市自然科学基金(No.19JCYBJC23500);天津职业大学科学研究基金(No.20161107)资助项目。

摘　　要：有机成膜添加剂作为锂电池中不可或缺的材料对提升锂电池的性能起到至关重要的作用。新型添加剂氟代碳酸二乙酯(DEFC)通过相转移催化被成功合成。催化剂甲基葫芦脲[6]被应用在此类反应中,并提升了卤素交换法合成氟代碳酸二乙酯的收率。与现有的两种催化剂聚乙二醇1000、冠醚18冠6进行了对比,在条件接近的情况下,以甲基葫芦脲[6]为催化剂能大幅提高收率,DEFD的收率最高为72%。作为新型成膜添加剂,在低温和常温下,氟代碳酸二乙酯加入电解液中均能提升电池的首次放电比容量。在经过100周恒流充放电循环后,电池放电比容量保持率也有所增加,提升了电池的循环性能。Organic film-forming additives play a vital role in improving the performance of lithium batteries.A new additive,diethyl fluorocarbonate,was successfully synthesized via phase transfer method.Methyl-cucurbituril[6]was firstly employed as a new phase transfer catalyst.Compared to the present two catalysts of poly(ethylene glycol)-1000 and 18-crown-6,methyl-cucurbituril[6]can greatly improve the yield up to 72%.As a new film-forming additive,diethyl fluorocarbonate can increase the first discharge capacity of the lithium battery at both low and normal temperatures.After 100 cycles,the capacity retention rate also increased,which indicated that diethyl fluorocarbonate can improve the cycling performance of the battery.

关 键 词：相转移 卤素交换 合成 电解液添加剂 循环性能 比容量 

分 类 号：O622[理学—有机化学] TQ152[理学—化学]