北方土石山区典型流域径流对森林覆被变化的响应研究  

Hydrological Response of Runoff to Forest Change in Atypical Basin in the Rocky Mountain Area of North China

作　　者：赵阳[1] 成晨[1] 王昭艳[1] 张晓明[1] ZHAO Yang;CHENG Chen;WANG Zhaoyan;ZHANG Xiaoming(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2020年第5期1037-1044,共8页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0402407);国家自然科学基金项目(41501041,51979290);中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目(SE0145B132020)。

摘　　要：为探讨北方土石山区森林数量与质量变化对小尺度流域径流量的影响,以密云水库集水区半城子森林流域为研究对象,采用分段线性插值、线性回归、Wetspa分布式水文模型等方法,定量分析了1989~2011年间森林覆被率与生物量变化对流域径流及其组分影响.研究结果表明:(1)研究时段内半城子流域森林覆被率呈波动增加趋势,流域森林生物量增加趋势达到极显著水平(p<0.01);(2)流域森林生物量与地表径流系数和基流系数之间呈显著负相关关系,拟合方程决定系数分别为0.67和0.62;(3)模型模拟表明,在流域所有森林林分类型转化为混交林情景下,流域年均径流深最小,仅为54.63mm,较2010年土地利用情景下产流量减少23.67%;在流域森林覆被率相同情景下,单位面积生物量每增加10%,流域年经流深减少6.4%,其中,壤中流比例减少1.7%.研究结果可为深刻理解北方土石山区森林调水机理提供理论支撑.To assess the effect of change of forest quantity and quality on runoff,Banchengzi,a small forest basin located in the Miyun Reservoir,was selected as our study object.Piecewise linear interpolation,linear regression,Wetspa distributed hydrological models and other methods were applied to quantitatively analyze the impact of change of forest on runoff and its component in the period of 1989~2011.The results showed that:(1)The forest cover rate in the study basin exhibit increased volatility,and the increasing trend of forest biomass in the basin reached a significant level(p<0.01);(2)There was a significant negative correlation between forest biomass and runoff coefficient and basal flow coefficient.The determination coefficients of the fitting equation reached 0.67 and 0.62,respectively;(3)Under the condition that all forest land transformed into mixed forest,the average annual runoff decreased by 23.67%compared to the year 2010,with a minimum value of 54.63mm.Under the same forest cover rate scenario,a 10%increase in biomass per unit area resulted in a 6.4%decrease in annual runoff,and a 1.7%decrease in interflow.The results can provide theoretical support for understanding the relationship between forest and water in North China.

关 键 词：森林流域 线性插值 分布式水文模型 径流组分 生物量 土石山区 森林覆被率 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]