基于床面泥沙位置特性的推移质输移公式  

A Formula for Bed Load Transport Based on the Characteristics of Sediment Particles Position on River Bed

作　　者：周双[1] 张根广[1] 刘余 王愉乐 ZHOU Shuang;ZHANG Genguang;LIU Yu;WANG Yule(College Of Water Resources And Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2020年第5期1045-1056,共12页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51879227,51279170)。

摘　　要：基于床面泥沙颗粒三维特性,构建了更具一般特性的床面泥沙三维模型;定义了暴露角、拖曳力方向角及相对重力臂的基本概念;采用图像处理方法,获取了颗粒间的位置信息,统计分析了暴露角及拖曳力方向角的概率分布.基于颗粒位置特性统计结果,结合水流脉动随机特征,构建了表层泥沙起动概率、单位床面上泥沙起动概率的理论计算式,提出了单层输沙模式与层移输沙模式的临界水流条件.基于新的推移质平衡输沙物理图形,推导了均匀推移质输沙率公式.最终计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,表明这一公式估算推移质输沙率有效,可以应用于工程分析.The three-dimensional model of sediment particles position was set up based on the characteristics of sediment particles position on river bed,and the concepts of exposure angle,drag direction angle and relative gravity arm were defined.The position parameters between particles were obtained by using the image processing method,and the probability distributions of exposure angle and drag direction angle were calculated.A theoretical formula for calculating the incipient probability of surface bed sediment and unit bed area was established based on the statistical results of particles position and the random characteristics of flow.The critical flow conditions of the single-layer sediment transport model and the multi-layer sediment transport model were presented.A formula for uniform bed load transport rate was derived,based on the new physical pattern of bed load transport.The agreement of the computation results with the experimental data indicates this formula could be used to estimate the bed load transport rate effectively.

关 键 词：推移质 均匀沙 起动概率 泥沙颗粒位置 暴露角 泥沙输移 

分 类 号：TV142[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]