网络还是市场:农民工流动的有效性--基于信息级联的研究  

Social Network or Market:The Effectiveness of Rural-Urban Migration--Based on Information Cascade

作　　者：任义科 王彬 杜海峰[2] REN Yi-ke;WANG Bin;DU Hai-feng(School of Economics and Management,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen Shanxi 041004,China;School of Public Policy and Administration,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an Shaanxi 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学经济与管理学院,山西临汾041004 [2]西安交通大学公共政策与管理学院,西安710049

出　　处：《西北人口》2021年第1期54-69,共16页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“乡村振兴战略背景下农村居民家庭可持续生计研究”(19ARK005)。

摘　　要：大量文献从网络或社会资本角度研究求职方式对农民工务工效果的影响,但这些研究主要集中于微观层面范围相对较小的人际关系网络,忽视了由于农民工流动所涌现的宏观层面的信息级联现象,因而无法全面回答究竟是网络机制还是市场机制更有利于提升农民工流动的有效性。基于2014年农民工调查数据和30个省官方网站数据,利用流出流入地城市构建农民工流动整体网络,依据就近原则和GDP实力原则分别构建Top1网络,并检验了信息级联假设,比较分析了信息级联、人际关系网络和市场信息对农民工流动有效性(月工资收入、流动距离、职业阶层)的影响。研究发现,农民工流动网络中存在信息级联现象。作为网络机制的信息级联与人际关系网络均不利于提高农民工工资收入和职业阶层,表明市场机制更有利于促进农民工的务工效果。研究结论一定程度上论证了市场在劳动力资源配置中的决定性作用。政府应在完善就业信息平台,指导监督企业及时发布就业信息,加强农民工职业技能培训等方面协助市场发挥作用。A large number of studies have explored the effect of the way of job-hunting on the attainments of migrant workers from the perspective of network or social capital,but these studies mainly focus on the relatively small interper⁃sonal network at the micro level,ignoring the macro-level information cascade phenomenon arising from the rural-ur⁃ban migration,therefore it is impossible to fully reveal whether network mechanism or market mechanism is more con⁃ducive to enhancing the effectiveness of rural-urban migration.Based on the survey data of migrant workers in 2014 and the official website data of 30 provinces,this paper constructs rural-urban migration whole network in terms of mi⁃grant workers’origin and destination cities,and Top1 network according to the principle of proximity and the principle of GDP strength.This study examines the information cascade hypothesis,comparatively analyzes the impact of informa⁃tion cascade,interpersonal network and market information on the work attainments of migrant workers(monthly wage income,migration distance,occupation stratum).The study finds that there is significant information cascade in the rural-urban migration network.Network mechanism including information cascade and interpersonal relationship net⁃work are less conducive to increasing the wage income and professional stratum of migrant workers,implying that mar⁃ket mechanism is more conducive to promoting the work attainments of migrant workers.This study reveals to a certain extent the decisive role of the market in the allocation of labor resources.Based on the above finding,some policy im⁃plications are proposed:the governments should assist the market to play a active role in improving the employment in⁃formation platform,guiding and supervising enterprises to release employment information in a timely manner,and strengthening the vocational skills training of migrant workers.

关 键 词：农民工 流动网络 三方组 信息级联 求职渠道 

分 类 号：F323.6[经济管理—产业经济]