基于UNMIX模型的北京城区公园土壤重金属源解析  

Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals in Beijing Urban Park Based on the UNMIX Model

作　　者：刘玲玲 安燕飞[1] 马瑾[2] 陈义祥 吴颐杭 李家莹 黄健欣 LIU Lingling;AN Yanfei;MA Jin;CHEN Yixiang;WU Yihang;LI Jiaying;HUANG Jianxin(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230601,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230601 [2]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2020年第12期2856-2863,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2019YFC1804600);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(No.2019YSKY006)。

摘　　要：城市公园是城市环境中重要的生态功能区和人们的主要公共娱乐休闲场所.为了分析北京城区公园的土壤环境质量,采集了北京城区121个公园土壤样本,分析了5种重金属(Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd)的含量水平,并采用UNMIX模型对上述重金属进行源解析.结果表明:①北京城区公园土壤中w(Cr)、w(Cu)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Cd)的平均值分别为63.57、35.49、36.43、145.68、0.49 mg/kg.除w(Cr)外,w(Cu)、w(Pb)、w(Zn)、w(Cd)的平均值均高于区域背景值.5种重金属含量均未超过GB 36600-2018《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》中的筛选值,说明北京城区公园土壤环境质量整体状况良好.②城市化时间和公园存续时间是影响重金属累积的重要因素.城市中心区重金属积累是历史和高负荷交通共同影响的结果.③源解析分析显示,北京城区公园土壤重金属存在三大污染源,其中,源1对w(Cr)的贡献占主导作用,为土壤母质和特殊工业源,贡献率为21.38%;源2对w(Cd)的贡献高于其他重金属,为工农业混合源,贡献率为35.43%;源3对w(Cu)、w(Zn)、w(Pb)的贡献较高,为交通源,贡献率为43.19%.研究显示,历史上的工农业活动是北京城市公园土壤重金属的重要来源.City parks are important ecological function regions and public leisure and entertainment places in a city.In order to explore the soil environmental quality of urban parks,121 soil samples from urban parks in Beijing were collected,and the concentrations of Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd concentrations in the samples were analyzed.The UNMIX model was used to apportion the potential sources and their contributions of soil heavy metals.The results showed that the average concentrations of Cr,Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd were 63.57,35.49,36.43,145.68 and 0.49 mg kg,respectively.Except for Cr,the average concentrations of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd were all higher than their respective background values.It should be noted that the concentrations of these metals were all below the Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land(GB 36600-2018),which indicated that the overall soil environmental quality of urban parks in Beijing was good.Additionally,urbanization time and park age were important factors affecting the deposition of heavy metals.The accumulation of heavy metals in the central area of Beijing resulted from its long history and heavy traffic.Three major pollution sources of heavy metals in the soil of urban parks in Beijing were identified by the UNMIX model.Source 1 played a dominant role in Cr,and it is the soil parent material and special industrial source with a contribution rate of 21.38%.The contribution of source 2 to Cd was higher than other metals.Source 2 was a mixed source of industrial and agricultural activities with a contribution rate of 35.43%.The contribution of source 3 to Cu,Zn and Pb was higher.Source 3 was the traffic source with a contribution rate of 43.19%.Historical industrial and agricultural activities are important sources of heavy metals in the soil of Beijing′s urban parks.

关 键 词：UNMIX模型 城市公园 土壤 重金属 源解析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]