城市饮用水源地周边城区不同类型地表径流污染特征  

Characteristics of Runoff Pollution in Different Surface Runoff Around Urban Drinking Water Sources

作　　者：付子真 唐磊[2] 张伟[1,3] 李娟 张绍华 张晓然[1,3] 王愔睿 莫罹[2] 王巍巍[2] 王兴双 FU Zi-zhen;TANG Lei;ZHANG Wei;LI Juan;ZHANG Shao-hua;ZHANG Xiao-ran;WANG Yin-rui;MO Li;WANG Wei-wei;WANG Xing-shuang(Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Urban Sewage System Construction and Risk Control,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;China Academy of Urban Planning&Design,Beijing 100044,China;Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment,Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China;Changzhou CGE Water Co.,Ltd.,Changzhou 213003,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学,北京市可持续城市排水系统构建与风险控制工程技术研究中心,北京100044 [2]中国城市规划设计研究院,北京100044 [3]北京建筑大学,城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室,北京100044 [4]常州通用自来水有限公司,常州213003

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2020年第33期13928-13935,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07201002);国家自然科学基金(51608026);北京市教育委员会科技计划一般项目(KM201910016012)。

摘　　要：城市饮用水源地水质保障是影响城市供水安全和供水系统处理效能的重要因素,其周边城区的径流污染是威胁饮用水源安全的因素之一。为研究城市饮用水源地周边城区不同类型地表径流污染特征及对饮用水源地的潜在影响,以常州应急备用水源地德胜河周边城区的城市主路、快速路和建筑小区三处不同类型地表径流进行了现场监测,分析了不同地表径流的典型常规污染物、重金属和有机物污染特征。研究结果表明:城市主路、快速路、建筑小区的地表径流中化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand,COD)、总磷(total phosphorus,TP)、Pb、Cr、Zn的事件平均浓度超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中Ⅴ类水标准,地表径流直接排放将严重威胁饮用水源地安全;典型有机污染物石油类、苯酚、苯污染水平总体相对较低,对饮用水源地可能造成的潜在威胁相对有限。降雨量和降雨强度等降雨特征,地表类型、坡度等下垫面特征都会影响径流污染物初期冲刷的程度,且重金属与悬浮物(suspended solids,SS)呈现较为一致的初期冲刷规律。城市主路、快速路和建筑小区径流中常规污染物SS、COD、总氮(total nitrogen,TN)、TP的年污染负荷与其他城市同类型下垫面的年污染负荷基本一致,但Pb、Cu、Cr、Zn、Mn的污染负荷较高,将对应急备用饮用水源地德胜河的水环境质量造成严重威胁,迫切需要采取径流污染控制工程与管理措施,以保障饮用水源地水环境质量和城市供水系统安全。Water quality guarantee for urban drinking water sources is an important factor affecting urban water supply safety and the efficiency of water supply treatment system.Runoff pollution from surrounding urban areas is one of the factors that threaten the safety of drinking water sources.To investigate the characteristics of runoff pollution in different surface runoff around urban drinking water sources and its potential impact on urban drinking water sources,three different types of surface runoff from urban main roads,expressways,and residential community in the urban area surrounding the Desheng River in Beijing,which is an emergency reserve water source in Changzhou,were monitored.Typical conventional pollutants,heavy metals,and organic pollutants of different surface runoffs were analyzed.Results show that the event mean concentrations of chemical oxygen demand(COD),total phosphorus(TP),Pb,Cr and Zn in the surface runoff of urban main roads,expressways,and residential community exceed the value of the class V water standards in the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard(GB 3838—2002).Surface runoff emissions will seriously threaten the safety of drinking water sources.The EMCs of typical organic pollutants such as petroleum,phenol,and benzene are relatively low,and the potential threats to drinking water sources are relatively limited.Rainfall characteristics such as rainfall and average rainfall intensity,and underlying surface characteristics as surface type and slope will affect the pollutants first flush,and heavy metals and suspended solids(SS)show a consistent for first flush.The annual pollution load of conventional pollutants SS,COD,TN(total nitrogen),and TP from urban main roads,expressways and residential community runoff is basically the same to the similar surface runoff monitored in other cities.However,the annual pollution load of Pb,Cu,Cr,Zn,and Mn is significantly high,and it will threaten the safety of drinking water sources.It is urgent to adopt runoff pollution control engineering a

关 键 词：径流污染 饮用水源地 初期冲刷 重金属 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]