严寒地区供冷期居民开窗行为研究  

Research on Residents'Window-opening Behavior in Severe Cold Area

作　　者：苏小文 王昭俊 SU Xiaowen;WANG Zhaojun

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150006 [2]寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室(哈尔滨工业大学),黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《煤气与热力》2020年第12期4-7,16,10041,共6页Gas & Heat

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51678179)。

摘　　要：针对供冷期,对严寒地区(哈尔滨住宅小区)被动房建筑代表性住户(被动房建筑住户1~4)、普通建筑(三步节能建筑)代表性住户(普通建筑住户1~4)开窗行为展开调查,建立住户开窗概率模型,分析开窗概率的主要影响因素。除普通建筑住户1外,其他普通建筑住户开窗频率整体上高于被动房建筑住户。被动房建筑住户2、4开窗频率变化趋势一致,这两住户均处于顶层,受太阳辐射影响,室内温度略高。而被动房住户控温手段少,当室温升高时,只能开窗加强空气流通,维持自身热舒适。被动房建筑住户1、3均在中间层,受太阳辐射影响小,开窗频率不高。供冷期最热周(2017年7月18日至24日)室外温度变化范围为19~33℃,被动房建筑住户2室内温度变化范围为25~27℃。该住户在一周内开窗4次,前2次开窗持续时间长。开窗确实易导致被动房建筑室内温度升高,但被动房建筑墙体热惰性大,气密性强,短时间开窗引起室内温度变化幅度不明显。对于被动房建筑,对开窗影响最大的是室内温度,其次是室外温度。随着室内外温度增大,开窗概率增加。在室内温度24~30℃范围内,均存在开窗概率。对于普通建筑,对开窗影响最大的是室外温度,其次是室内温度。在室外温度15~35.5℃范围内,均存在开窗概率。For the cooling period,the window-opening behaviors of representative households in passive house buildings(passive house households 1 to 4)and representative households(normal building households 1 to 4)in ordinary buildings(three-step energy-saving buildings)in the severe cold area(Harbin residential areas)are investigated,a model of household window-opening probability is established,and the main influencing factors of window-opening probability are analyzed.Except for ordinary building household 1,the frequency of opening windows of other ordinary building households is higher than that of passive house building households.The frequency of opening windows of passive house building households 2 and 4 has the same trend.Both households are on the top floor,and the indoor temperature is slightly higher due to the influence of solar radiation.However,the households in passive house buildings have few temperature control methods.When the room temperature rises,they can only open windows to enhance air circulation and maintain their own thermal comfort.The households in passive house buildings 1 and 3 are all on the middle floor,which is less affected by solar radiation and the frequency of window opening is not high.During the hottest week of the cooling period(July 18 to 24,2017),the outdoor temperature varied from 19 to 33℃,and the indoor temperature of passive house building household 2 varied from 25 to 27℃.The household opened the window 4 times in a week,and the first two times lasted a long time.Opening windows is indeed easy to cause the indoor temperature of passive house buildings to rise,but the walls of passive house buildings have high thermal inertia and strong airtightness.Opening windows for a short period of time causes little change in indoor temperature.For passive house buildings,the indoor temperature has the greatest impact on window opening,followed by outdoor temperature.As the indoor and outdoor temperatures increase,the probability of window opening increases.In the indoor temperature

关 键 词：被动房 热舒适性 开窗行为 开窗概率 

分 类 号：TU834.8[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程]