透水砖与垫层入渗特性对城市降雨产流的影响研究  

Study on influence of infiltration characteristics of pervious brick andcushion on rainfall runoff

作　　者：李山[1] 仵苗 李静思[1] 刘腾 LI Shan;WU Miao;LI Jingsi;LIU Teng(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学陕西省西北旱区生态水利工程重点实验室,陕西西安710048

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2020年第6期147-157,共11页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：陕西省教育厅自然科学专项(18JK0573)。

摘　　要：为评估透水铺装应用场地的适配性及减灾效果,本文通过室内试验、模型模拟与理论分析的方法,研究了西安地区不同透水砖铺装面层(陶瓷透水砖和生态透水砖)与垫层(均质土、15%和30%碎石混合、砂基四种垫层)组合下的入渗特性及其对降雨径流的调节作用。结果表明:①陶瓷透水砖和生态透水砖都有良好的入渗性能,垫层入渗快慢顺序为砂基垫层、15%碎石混合垫层、均质土垫层和30%碎石混合垫层。砾石含量的适当增加有助于水分的入渗,但是当砾石含量持续增加会阻碍降雨入渗。②透水铺装入渗分透水砖入渗和垫层入渗2个阶段,透水砖入渗阶段累积入渗量与时间符合线性关系;垫层入渗阶段可用Philip公式和Kostiakov模型很好的模拟,且Philip公式拟合结果略好于Kostiakov模型。③两年一遇降雨条件下,透水铺装不会产流;五年一遇降雨频率下仅有30%碎石混合垫层下的透水铺装产流;十年一遇降雨频率下,15%碎石混合垫层、均质土垫层和30%碎石混合垫层均产流;砂基垫层在3种降雨下均不产流。试验所用透水砖及垫层结构均能满足西安地区年径流总量控制率(80%~85%)要求。In order to evaluate the suitability of the application site for pervious pavement and the effect of disaster reduction,the infiltration characteristics and the regulation effect on the rainfall runoff of permeable brick pavements which composed of different pavement layers(ceramic pervious brick and ecological pervious brick)and different cushion layers(homogeneous soil,15%and 30%gravel mixing,sand based four cushion)in Xi'an are studied with the methods of indoor test,model simulation and theoretical analysis.The results show that:①Both ceramic permeable bricks and ecological permeable bricks have good infiltration performance;and the order of infiltration of the cushion layer is sand-based cushion,15%gravel mixed cushion,homogeneous soil cushion and 30%gravel mixed cushion;a proper increase in gravel content contributes to the infiltration of water,but if it continuous increase will have a negative effect on rainfall infiltration.②The permeable brick pavement infiltration is divided into brick and cushion layer infiltration.The relationship between cumulative infiltration and time in the infiltration stage of permeable bricks is linear.The infiltration process of cushion structure infiltration stage can be both described by Philip equation and Kostiakov infiltration model and the Philip formula fitting results are slightly better than the Kostiakov model.③The permeable pavement will not produce flow under the once-two-year rainfall condition;it is only 30%stone-soil mixture cushion of the permeable pavement had runoff under the once-five-year rainfall condition;the permeable pavements(with homogeneous soil,15%and 30%stone-soil mixtures cushion)were all produced runoff under the once-ten-year rainfall condition;the permeable pavement with sand-based cushion did not produce flow under all three frequency of rainfall.The permeable bricks and cushion structures of the test can meet the requirements of the Xi'an annual total runoff control rate(80%~85%).

关 键 词：透水铺装 透水砖 垫层结构 入渗率 雨强 降雨产流 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X43