永泰公主墓壁画病害机理研究  

Experimental investigation on state transform of sodium sulfate and itsdamaging effect on ancient mural intomb of Princess Yongtai

作　　者：郑志华[1] ZHENG Zhihua(Institute of Disaster Prevention,Key Laboratory of Building Collapse Mechanism and Disaster Prevention,China Earthquake Administration,Langfang 062501,China)

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院,中国地震局建筑物破坏机理与防御重点实验室,河北廊坊062501

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2020年第6期158-163,共6页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1504302,2017YFC1500606,2016YFE0205100);国家自然科学基金项目(51978167)。

摘　　要：古代壁画盐害问题多年来一直没有透彻的认识,影响了病害治理的“对症下药”。唐代永泰公主墓壁画处于黄土层的斜坡墓道两侧及墓室四周和顶棚,自发掘以来,某些部位壁画损害严重,主要表现为盐害。然而,环境中施害的盐可能有多种,到底是哪种盐以及通过什么机制造成盐害,这些关键问题为业内重点关注。通过总结前人成果并设计实施了有针对性的实验,指出硫酸钠结晶与非结晶相变引起体积胀缩是壁画盐害的最主要原因。含硫酸钠土层(以地仗层为代表)的松胀变化与温度和湿度两个因素有关。温度从高到低,硫酸钠结晶,体积膨胀,反之松弛;硫酸钠湿度从高到低,硫酸钠结晶,反之松弛。如果通过实验找到某个温度和湿度,使硫酸钠处于非结晶状态,然后保持温度和湿度恒定,就可以避免硫酸钠相变,对壁画的损害将停止。The salt damaging on mural lasts many years,repairing treatment needs correct understanding on damaging mechanism.Tomb of Princess Yongtai belongs to Tang Dynasty.The murals locate in walls of the slope tunnel and surrounding surface of the main tomb.Since the tomb was explored,some certain area of mural suffered were serious damaged which appears to the similar as those typical salt damage in other ancient murals.There are several kinds of potential salts.People concern much more on which kind of salt and by what mechanism can cause such damage.Based on existing results,we designed necessary experiments.Results show that the state transform is the main reason for the mural damage.Periodically expansion and softening of the bearing layer corresponds to the state of Na 2 SO 4·10H 2 O and Na 2 SO 4.Just the volume changing damaged the mural.Both temperature and moisture decreasing will cause the sodium sulfate change from Na 2 SO 4 to Na 2 SO 4·10H 2 O,and volume expands several times.Constant temperature and moisture in the Grottoes will stop mural damaging.

关 键 词：壁画 盐害 硫酸钠 相变 永泰公主墓 

分 类 号：TU43[建筑科学—岩土工程] X4[建筑科学—土工工程]