大载重气囊缓冲性能分析及多目标优化  

Analysis and multi-objective optimization for buffer performance of heavy landing airbags

作　　者：张鹏飞[1,2] 卫剑征 陈雪岩[1] 谭惠丰[1] 竺梅芳[3] ZHANG Pengfei;WEI Jianzheng;CHEN Xueyan;TAN Huifeng;ZHU Meifang(National Key Laboratory on Advanced Composites in Special Environments,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150080,China;No.8511 Research Institute of CASIC,Nanjing 210007,China;Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics and Electricity,China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学特种环境复合材料技术重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [2]中国航天科工集团8511研究所,南京210007 [3]中国空间技术研究院北京空间机电研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2020年第24期91-98,142,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科研基金项目(11002162)。

摘　　要：缓冲技术是航天器着陆与回收的关键技术之一,研究如何有效地降低航天器过载对于保障人体及其内部设备的安全具有重要意义。采用有限控制体积法与文献测试进行对比,验证了数值仿真方法的正确性。以大载重返回舱为研究对象,对6个组合气囊着陆时缓冲过程进行了仿真,单参数变化讨论了外气囊初始内压、排气孔开启时机与排气孔面积对缓冲气囊性能的影响。提出了评估返回舱发生触底与反弹离地的判据。以最大过载和大载重气囊的比吸能为优化目标,采用最优拉丁超立方选取方法给出了仿真样本点,构建神经网络代理模型,进行了多目标遗传优化分析,优化了缓冲气囊的初始设计参数。结果表明,优化后的最大过载降低了17.717%,且大载重装置没有发生反弹。Buffering technology is one of the key technologies for spacecraft landing and recovery.It is of great significance to study reasonable reduction of spacecraft overload to the safety of human body and its internal equipment.Firstly,the validity of numerical simulation method was verified by comparing the results from the control volume with the testing of literature.Then,the buffering process of six combined airbags landing system was simulated for a heavy load module.The effects of the initial internal pressure,the open timing,and the area of the venting holes of external airbags on the buffering characteristics were further studied by single parameter variation.The criteria for evaluating the collision or rebound of the module were proposed.The sample points for simulation were selected by the optimal Latin hypercube design method in order to optimize the maximum overload and the specific absorption energy of the airbag landing system.The agent model of neural network was constructed according to the buffering characteristics.Finally,the initial parameters of the airbags were optimized by the multi-objective genetic algorithm.The results show that the maximum overload optimized reduces by 17.717%,and the module with the heavy load does not rebound.

关 键 词：大载重气囊 比吸能 碰撞 过载 缓冲 多目标优化设计 

分 类 号：V445.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]