基于大空间场所辅助排烟方法的火灾先期排烟效率研究  

Research on the Efficiency of Pre-smoke Exhaust based on the Method of Assistant Smoke Exhaust in Large Space Places

作　　者：王培平 尚文权 张锦 周小丁 广龙 WANG Peiping;SHANG Wenquan;ZHANG Jin;ZHOU Xiaoding;GUANG Long(Dongguan NVT Technology Co., Ltd. Dongguan, Guangdong 523443)

机构地区：[1]东莞新能德科技有限公司,广东东莞523443

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2020年第12期19-23,92,共6页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

摘　　要：对于产烟量大的大空间场所,排烟仍是灭火救援工作的难点,特别是部分既有建筑设置的负压式排烟系统,实测排烟效果差,常不能满足实际的排烟需求,为此,采用了移动式大功率消防排烟机、鼓风排烟机等组合辅助排烟方式,充分利用大空间场所形成的风道,人为释放约6000 m3储烟量,对某大型聚合物锂离子电池成品仓库进行了风道模拟测试。实测结果表明:辅助安全疏散通道面积是关于排烟时间t的分段函数,火灾先期排烟效率与辅助疏散安全通道面积成正比,与先期消散时间t0成反比,使用墙壁事故风机、移动式消防排烟机和鼓风排烟进行排烟,其先期烟气消散时间可以缩短至4 min,先期排烟效率达到67.3%,相对无辅助排烟时排烟效率提高了4倍。因此,合理配置多组合大功率消防排烟机、鼓风排烟机进行辅助排烟,短时间内可形成室内疏散安全通道,提高火灾先期排烟效果,更有利于火灾早期应急救援。For large space places with large smoke production,smoke exhaust is still a difficulty work of fire-fighting and rescuing.Especially the negative pressure smoke exhaust system installed in some existing buildings has poor smoke exhaust effect and cannot meet the actual smoke exhaust demand.For this reason,a combination of mobile high-power smoke exhaust machine and blast smoke exhaust machine is adopted to assist smoke exhaust.A large-scale polymer lithium-ion battery product warehouse is simulated and tested by fully utilizing the air duct formed in large space and artificially releasing about 6000 m3 of smoke storage capacity.The measured results show that the area of auxiliary safe evacuation passage is a piecewise function of smoke exhaust time.The efficiency of early smoke exhaust is proportional to the area of auxiliary safe evacuation passage and inversely proportional to the area of early dissipation time.The wall accident fan,mobile fire extinguisher and blast exhaust are used to assist exhaust smoke.The early dissipation time can be shortened to 4 minutes,and the efficiency of early smoke exhaust can reach 67.3%,which is 4 times higher than that without auxiliary smoke exhaust.Therefore,reasonable allocation of multi-combination of high-power fire smoke exhauster and blast smoke exhauster for auxiliary smoke exhaust can form a safe passage for indoor evacuation in a short time,improve the effect of early smoke exhaust,and be more conducive to early emergency rescue.

关 键 词：大空间场所 辅助排烟 风道 辅助安全疏散通道 先期消散时间 先期排烟效率 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]