化学封顶结合人工打顶对棉花农艺及产量性状的影响  

Effects of Combining Cotton Artificial Detopping with Chemical Detopping on Cotton Agronomic and Yield Traits

作　　者：崔延楠 张璐[1] 张特[1] 康正华[1] 赵强[1] CUI Yannan;ZHANG Lu;ZHANG Te;KANG Zhenghua;ZHAO Qiang(College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第12期2197-2204,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(3156100654)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究人工打顶与化学封顶的有效结合方式和精准的棉花打顶技术,为丰富棉花栽培措施、提高棉花产量提供理论依据。【方法】以常规人工打顶作为对照,设计先人工打顶再喷封顶剂和先喷封顶剂再人工打顶两种打顶结合方式与3个化学封顶剂剂量,测定不同处理棉花的叶枝长、果枝数、单株结铃数及产量等,分析不同处理对棉花农艺性状和产量性状的影响。【结果】人工打顶处理与其它处理相比,其株高减低6.37%,平均叶枝增长量减少了0.35 cm;棉铃脱落数较低,果枝数较少,倒1、倒2和倒3果枝长度增加了3.36 cm,棉株单株铃数增加。各剂量处理对叶枝长、果枝长及果枝数抑制效果无显著差异,300 mL/hm^2剂量处理棉花棉铃脱落数较低,单株棉铃数为6.25个,籽棉产量与皮棉产量均为最高,分别为7779.99与3203.02 kg/hm^2。【结论】人工打顶后5 d喷施化学封顶剂300 mL/hm^2,可以抑制无效枝的伸长,防止蕾铃脱落,约增产15.28%。【Objective】To explore the effective combination of artificial topping and chemical capping to form a more complete cotton pruning technology in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for enhancing cotton pruning effect and increasing cotton yield.【Method】The effects of different treatments on agronomic and yield traits of cotton were analyzed by adjusting the chronological order of chemical capping and artificial capping with the amount of chemical capping agent sprayed.【Result】The results showed that compared with the previous chemical topping and manual topping control,the plant height was reduced by 6.37%and the average leaf branch growth was reduced by 0.35 cm.The number of cotton bolls was lower and the number of fruit branches.Fruit lengths of the last 1,2 and 3 branches increased by 3.36 cm,and boll number per cotton plant increased,too.In each dose treatment,300 mL/hm^2 chemical capping agent performed well,its inhibition effect on leaf branch length,fruiting branch length and fruiting branch number had no significant difference with other treatments,but its cotton boll shedding number was lower,the boll number per plant was 6.25.Seed cotton yield and lint yield were the highest,7,779.99 and 3,203.02 kg/hm^2,respectively.【Conclusion】In conclusion,the chemical capping agent 300 mL/hm^2 sprayed 5 days after artificial topping can restrain the elongation of ineffective branches and prevent the falling off of the buds with the effect of increasing the yield by about 15.28%,which has certain application and popularization value.

关 键 词：棉花 化学封顶剂 人工打顶 产量 农艺性状 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]