播种至苗期不同阶段低温对玉米幼苗生长及生理抗性的影响  

Effects of Low Temperature under Different Phases between Sowing and Seedling Periods on Growth and Physiological Resistance of Maize Seedlings

作　　者：菅立群 张翼飞[1,2] 杨克军 王玉凤[1,2] 陈天宇 张继卫[1] 张津松 李庆[1] 刘天昊 肖珊珊 彭程 王宝生 Jian Liqun;Zhang Yifei;Yang Kejun;Wang Yufeng;Chen Tianyu;Zhang Jiwei;Zhang Jinsong;Li Qing;Liu Tianhao;Xiao Shanshan;Peng Cheng;Wang Baosheng(College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Beidahuang Modern Agricultural In dustry Tech no logy Provincial Cultivati on Collaborative Innovation Center,Daqing 163319,Heilongjiang,China;Qixingpao Farm in Heilongjiang Province,Heihe 161435,Heilongjiang,China;Heshan Farm in Heilongjiang Province,Heihe 161443,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省现代农业栽培技术与作物种质改良重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163319 [3]北大荒现代农业产业技术省级培育协同创新中心,黑龙江大庆163319 [4]黑龙江省七星泡农场,黑龙江黑河161435 [5]黑龙江省鹤山农场,黑龙江黑河161443

出　　处：《作物杂志》2020年第6期61-68,共8页Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300302-04);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2019C051);黑龙江省农垦总局科技计划(HKKY190204-01,2019HKQNJTG0012);高校学成引进人才计划科研启动计划(XYB2014-03);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新项目(YJSCX2019-Y97)。

摘　　要：为应对未来气候变化所产生的阶段性低温对寒地玉米幼苗建成的不利影响,以先玉335为试验材料,基于对寒地玉米田间温度条件的动态模拟,采用二因素完全随机设计,分别设置低温处理阶段(播后第1~5、6~10、11~15、16~20、21~25和26~30天)和低温持续时间(0、1、2、3、4和5d)处理,探讨了不同处理组合条件下玉米出苗进程、幼苗生长、生物量积累及抗性生理指标的变化差异。结果表明,播后至苗期各阶段经历1~5d低温处理后,均可降低玉米出苗速率和成苗率,抑制玉米幼苗的生长及生物量积累,并引起叶片叶绿素含量与最大光化学效率下降,以及渗透调节物质含量与膜脂过氧化水平的增加,其影响程度随低温持续时间的延长不断加剧,且以播种后11~25d特别是16~20d,即处于破土至出苗临界期的玉米植株对低温响应最为敏感。In order to cope with the adverse effects of periodic low temperature caused by the future climate change on the maize seedlings establishment in cold region, maize variety Xianyu 335 was used as test material, and based on the dynamic simulation of maize field temperature condition in cold region, two-factor completely randomized design was applied at different low temperature treatment phases(1-5, 6-10, 11-15, 16-20, 21-25, 26-30 days after sowing) and durations(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 days) were set up, respectively. The changes in differences of maize seedling emergence process, seedling growth, biomass accumulation and resistance physiological indexes among every treatment combination were compared and analyzed. The results showed that 1-5 days of low temperature treatment, no matter at which phase, could reduce the emergence rate and survival rate, inhibit the growth and biomass accumulation of maize seedlings, and caused the decrease of chlorophyll content and the maximum photochemical efficiency of leaves, as well as the increase of osmoregulation substance content and membrane lipid peroxidation level. The degree of influence was increasing with the low temperature durations, and the plants during 11-25 days after sowing, especially 16-20 days(the critical period of coleoptile break through the soil and seeding emergence) were most sensitive to low temperature.

关 键 词：玉米 阶段性低温 低温持续时间 幼苗生长 抗性生理指标 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]